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Effects of using hCG and Beta Carotene + Vitamin E Alone or in Combination on Fertility in Estrus-Synchronized Awassi Ewes

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 11 - 16, 30.06.2025

Polat İpek , M. Ferit Özmen , Ümüt Cirit , Necattin Gönç , Şahin Tez , Muzaffer Taş

https://doi.org/10.51755/turkvetj.1683536

Öz

The present study was conducted at four different farms in Diyarbakır during the transition period (1.5 to 2 month before breeding season). A total of 306 Awassi ewes were divided into four groups before the study. All groups were treated with a progesterone sponge for 12 days, PGF2α on two days before sponge removal, 600 IU eCG on sponge removal day and 150 IU hCG on the day of mating. The control group of ewes (n= 91) did not receive any additional treatment. The ewes in vitamin group (n= 61) were treated twice with Beta (β) carotene + vitamin E on 7 days before the sponge insertion and the day of mating. The ewes in hCG group (n= 74) were treated with 150 IU hCG on day 12 after mating. The ewes in vitamin + hCG group (n= 80) were treated with β-carotene + vitamin E and hCG. Ewes standing to be mounted were considered in estrus and mated. Diagnosis of pregnancy was made by ultrasonography on the 30th day after mating. In control, hCG, vitamin, and vitamin + hCG groups, estrus, pregnancy, lambing, fecundity and multiple birth rates were similar (P>0.05). It was concluded that the treatments with vitamins (β-carotene + vitamin E), hCG or both, in addition to estrus synchronization during transition period in Awassi ewes did not significantly improve the fertility parameters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Awessi sheep Beta carotene hCG Estrus synchronization Progesterone

Kaynakça

  • Afshari, G., Hasanpoor, A., Hagpanah, H., & Amoughll-Tabrizi, A. (2008). Seosonal variation of vitamin A and β-carotene levels in Ghezel Sheep. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 32 (2): 127-129.
  • Arellano-Rodriguez, G., Meza-Herrera, CA., Rodriguez-Martinez, R., Dionisio-Tapia, R., Hallford, DM., Mellado, M., & Gonzalez‐Bulnes, A. (2009). Short-term intake of β-carotene supplemented diets enhances ovarian function and progesterone synthesis in goats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 93 (6): 710-715. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00859.x
  • Bazer, FW., Wu, G., Johnson, GA., & Wang, X. (2014). Environmental factors affecting pregnancy: endocrine disrupters, nutrients and metabolic pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 398 (1-2): 53-68. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.007
  • Beck, NFG., Peters, AR., & Williams, SP. (1994). The effect of GnRH agonist (buserelin) treatment on day 12 post mating on the reproductive performance of ewes. Anim Sci 58 (2): 243-247. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800042557
  • Beytut, E., Kamiloğlu, NN., & Gökçe, G. (2005). Season variation of vitamin A, E and Beta Carotene levels in plasma of Sheeps and Meadow Hay in the region of Kars and its surrounds. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 11 (1): 17-24.
  • Cam, MA., Kuran, Yildiz, S., & Selcuk, E. (2002). Fetal growth and reproductive performance in ewes administered GnRH agonist on day 12 post-mating. Anim Reprod Sci 72 (1-2): 73-82. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(02)00071-4
  • Cam, MA., & Kuran, M. (2004). Effects of a single injection of hCG or GnRH agonist on day 12 post mating on fetal growth and reproductive performance of sheep. Anim Reprod Sci 80 (1-2): 81-90. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(03)00158-1
  • Catalano, MT., González, C., Williams, S., Videla, DI., & Callejas, S. (2015). Reproductive performance of ewe lambs in non-breeding season exposed to hCG at day 12 post mating. Small Rumin Res 124: 63-67. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.12.014
  • de Brun, V., Meikle, A., Fernández-Foren, A., Forcada, F., Palacín, I., Menchaca, A., Sosa, C., & Abecia, JA. (2016). Failure to establish and maintain a pregnancy in undernourished recipient ewes is associated with a poor endocrine milieu in the early luteal phase. Anim Reprod Sci 173: 80-86. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.08.016
  • Farahavar, A., Rostami, Z., Alipour, D., & Ahmadi, A. (2020). The effect of pre-breeding vitamin E and selenium injection on reproductive performance, antioxidant status, and progesterone concentration in estrus-synchronized Mehraban ewes. Trop Anim Health Prod 52: 1779-1786. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02183-8
  • Gabryszuk, M., & Klewiec, J. (2002). Effect of injecting 2-and 3-year-old ewes with selenium and selenium–vitamin-E on reproduction and rearing of lambs. Small Rumin Res 43 (2): 127-132. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(02)00005-6
  • Kaçar, C., Kamiloğlu, NN., Gürbulak, K., Pancarcı, ŞM., Güngör, Ö., Güvenç, K., & Saban, E. (2008). The Effect of administration of testosterone antibody, β-carotene and vitamin E on multiple pregnancy and MDA (Malondialdehyde) in Tuj breed sheep in non-breeding. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 14 (1): 51-56. Doi: https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2008.03-A
  • Kaya, S., Kaçar, C., Kaya, D., & Aslan, S. (2013). The effectiveness of supplemental administration of progesterone with GnRH, hCG and PGF2α on the fertility of Tuj sheep during the non-breeding season. Small Rumin Res 113 (2-3): 365-370. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.03.018
  • Khan, TH., Beck, N., & Khalid, M. (2007). The effects of GnRH analogue (buserelin) or hCG (Chorulon) on Day 12 of pregnancy on ovarian function, plasma hormone concentrations, conceptus growth and placentation in ewes and ewe lambs. Anim Reprod Sci 102 (3-4): 247-257. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.11.007
  • Khan, TH., Beck, NFG., & Khalid, M. (2009). The effect of hCG treatment on Day 12 post-mating on ovarian function and reproductive performance of ewes and ewe lambs. Anim Reprod Sci 116 (1-2): 162-168. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.01.010
  • Khan, TH., Becka, NFG., & Khalid, M. (2007). The effects of GnRH analogue (buserelin) or hCG (Chorulon) on day 12 of pregnancy on ovarian function, plasma hormone concentrations, conceptus growth and placentation in ewes and ewe lambs. Anim Reprod Sci 102: 247–257. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.11.007
  • Kittok, RJ., Stellflug, JN., & Lowry, SR. (1983). Enhanced progesterone and pregnancy rate after gonadotropin administration in lactating ewes. J Anim Sci 56 (3): 652-655.Doi: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1983.563652x
  • Koyuncu, M., & Yerlikaya, H. (2007). Effect of selenium–vitamin E injections of ewes on reproduction and growth of their lambs. S Afr J Anim Sci 37 (4): 233-236. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v37i4.4095.
  • Köse, M., Kırbaş, M., Dursun, Ş., & Bayrıl, T. (2013). The effect of injections of β-carotene or vitamin E + selenium on fertility in ewes in anestrus season. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg 24 (2): 83-86.
  • McGrath, J., Duval, SM., Tamassia, LF., Kindermann, M., Stemmler, RT., Gouvea, VN., Acedo, TS., Immig, I., Williams, SN., & Celi, P. (2018). Nutritional strategies in ruminants A lifetime approach. Res Vet Sci 116: 28-39.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.09.011
  • Meza-Herrera, CA., Vargas-Beltran, F., Vergara-Hernandez, HP., Macias-Cruz, U., Avendaño-Reyes, L., Martinez, RR., Rodriguez, GA., & Veliz-Deras, FG. (2013). Betacarotene supplementation increases ovulation rate without an increment in LH secretion in cyclic goats. Reprod Biol 13 (1): 51-57. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repbio.2013.01.171
  • Mirzaei, A., Rezaei, M., & Asadi, J. (2014). Reproductive performance after hCG or GnRH administration of long-term progestagen treatment of fat tailed ewes during seasonal anoestrus. Istanbul Üniv Vet Fak Derg 40 (2): 176-182.
  • Mohebbi-Fani, M., Mirzaei, A., Nazifi, S., & Shabbooie, Z. (2012). Changes of vitamins A, E, and C and lipid peroxidation status of breeding and pregnant sheep during dry seasons on medium-to-low quality forages. Trop Anim Health Prod 44: 259-265. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-0012-1
  • Moeini, MM., Alipour, F., & Sanjabi, MR. (2013). Efficacy of CIDR or FGA sponges with hCG treatments on the conception rate and prolificacy in Lori Ewes out of the breeding season. IJAS 3 (3): 521-525.
  • Murdoch, WJ., & Martinchict, JF. (2004). Oxidative damage to DNA of ovarian surface epithelial cells affected by ovulation: Carcinogenic implication and chemoprevention. Exp Biol Med 229 (6): 546-552. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1535370204229006
  • Nayyar, S., & Jindal, R. (2010). Essentiality of antioxidant vitamins for ruminants in relation to stress and reproduction. IJVR 11 (1): 1-9.
  • Nephew, KP., Cardenas, H., McClure, KE., Ott, TL., Bazer, F., & Pope, WF. (1994). Effects of administration of human chorionic gonadotropin or progesterone before maternal recognition of pregnancy on blastocyst development and pregnancy in sheep. J Anim Sci 72: 453-458. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2527/1994.722453x
  • Özmen, MF., Say, E., & Cirit, Ü. (2022). Effect of combined or separate administration of beta carotene-vitamin e and hcg on fertility in sheep lambs. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28 (3): 396-400. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.932413
  • Özpınar, H., Şenel, HS., Özpınar, A., & Çekgül, E. (1994). Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular administered β-carotene and its effects on reproduction in sheep. Wiener Tierärztliche Monatsschrift 82: 229-231.
  • Rapaport, R., Sklan, D., Wolfenson, D., Shaham-Albalancy, A., & Hanukoglu, I. (1998). Antioxidant capacity is correlated with steroidogenic status of the corpus luteum during the bovine estrous cycle. Biochim Biophys Acta 1380 (1): 133-140. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4165(97)00136-0
  • Rostami, B., Hajizadeh, R., Shahir, MH., & Aliyari, D. (2017). The effect of post-mating hCG or progesterone administration on reproductive performance of Afshari×Booroola-Merino crossbred ewes. Trop Anim Health Prod 49 (2): 245-250. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-016-1183-6
  • Traber, MG., & Atkinson, J. (2007). Vitamin E, antioxidant and nothing more. Free Radic Biol Med 43 (1): 4-15. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.03.024
  • Yaprak, M., Emsen, E., Emsen, B. & Macit, M. (2004). The influence of vitamin E supplementation during late pregnancy on lamb mortality and ewe productivity in Awassi ewes. J Anim Vet Adv 3: 190-193.
  • Yokuş, B., Cakır, DU., Kanay, Z., Gulten, T., & Uysal, E. (2006). Effects of seasonal and physiological variations on the serum chemistry, vitamins and thyroid hormone concentrations in sheep. J Vet Med A 53 (6): 271-276. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.2006.00831.x

Östrus Senkronize İvesi Koyunlarında hCG ve Beta Karoten + Vitamin E'nin Tek Başına veya Birlikte Kullanımının Fertilite Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 11 - 16, 30.06.2025

Polat İpek , M. Ferit Özmen , Ümüt Cirit , Necattin Gönç , Şahin Tez , Muzaffer Taş

https://doi.org/10.51755/turkvetj.1683536

Öz

Bu çalışma Diyarbakır'da dört farklı çiftlikte geçiş döneminde (aşım sezonundan 1,5-2 ay önce) yürütülmüştür. Toplam 306 İvesi koyunu çalışma öncesinde dört gruba ayrılmıştır. Tüm gruplara 12 gün boyunca progesteron süngeri, sünger çıkarılmadan iki gün önce PGF2α, sünger çıkarma gününde 600 IU eCG ve çiftleşme gününde 150 IU hCG uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubundaki koyunlar (n= 91) herhangi bir ek tedavi almamıştır. Vitamin grubundaki koyunlara (n= 61) sünger yerleştirilmeden 7 gün önce ve çiftleşme gününde iki kez Beta (β) karoten + E vitamini uygulandı. HCG grubundaki koyunlar (n= 74) çiftleşmeden sonraki 12. günde 150 IU hCG ile tedavi edilmiştir. Vitamin + hCG grubundaki koyunlar (n= 80) β-karoten + E vitamini ve hCG ile tedavi edildi. Aşım için ayakta duran koyunlar östrusta kabul edildi ve çiftleştirildi. Gebelik teşhisi çiftleşmeden sonraki 30. günde ultrasonografi ile yapıldı. Kontrol, hCG, vitamin ve vitamin + hCG gruplarında kızgınlık, gebelik, kuzulama, döl verimi ve çoğuz doğum oranları benzerdi (P˃0.05). İvesi koyunlarında geçiş döneminde östrus senkronizasyonuna ek olarak vitamin (β-karoten + E vitamini), hCG veya her ikisiyle birlikte yapılan uygulamaların fertilite parametrelerini önemli ölçüde iyileştirmediği sonucuna varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İvesi koyunu Beta karoten hCG Östrus senkronizasyonu Progesteron

Kaynakça

  • Afshari, G., Hasanpoor, A., Hagpanah, H., & Amoughll-Tabrizi, A. (2008). Seosonal variation of vitamin A and β-carotene levels in Ghezel Sheep. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 32 (2): 127-129.
  • Arellano-Rodriguez, G., Meza-Herrera, CA., Rodriguez-Martinez, R., Dionisio-Tapia, R., Hallford, DM., Mellado, M., & Gonzalez‐Bulnes, A. (2009). Short-term intake of β-carotene supplemented diets enhances ovarian function and progesterone synthesis in goats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 93 (6): 710-715. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00859.x
  • Bazer, FW., Wu, G., Johnson, GA., & Wang, X. (2014). Environmental factors affecting pregnancy: endocrine disrupters, nutrients and metabolic pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 398 (1-2): 53-68. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.007
  • Beck, NFG., Peters, AR., & Williams, SP. (1994). The effect of GnRH agonist (buserelin) treatment on day 12 post mating on the reproductive performance of ewes. Anim Sci 58 (2): 243-247. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800042557
  • Beytut, E., Kamiloğlu, NN., & Gökçe, G. (2005). Season variation of vitamin A, E and Beta Carotene levels in plasma of Sheeps and Meadow Hay in the region of Kars and its surrounds. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 11 (1): 17-24.
  • Cam, MA., Kuran, Yildiz, S., & Selcuk, E. (2002). Fetal growth and reproductive performance in ewes administered GnRH agonist on day 12 post-mating. Anim Reprod Sci 72 (1-2): 73-82. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(02)00071-4
  • Cam, MA., & Kuran, M. (2004). Effects of a single injection of hCG or GnRH agonist on day 12 post mating on fetal growth and reproductive performance of sheep. Anim Reprod Sci 80 (1-2): 81-90. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(03)00158-1
  • Catalano, MT., González, C., Williams, S., Videla, DI., & Callejas, S. (2015). Reproductive performance of ewe lambs in non-breeding season exposed to hCG at day 12 post mating. Small Rumin Res 124: 63-67. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.12.014
  • de Brun, V., Meikle, A., Fernández-Foren, A., Forcada, F., Palacín, I., Menchaca, A., Sosa, C., & Abecia, JA. (2016). Failure to establish and maintain a pregnancy in undernourished recipient ewes is associated with a poor endocrine milieu in the early luteal phase. Anim Reprod Sci 173: 80-86. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.08.016
  • Farahavar, A., Rostami, Z., Alipour, D., & Ahmadi, A. (2020). The effect of pre-breeding vitamin E and selenium injection on reproductive performance, antioxidant status, and progesterone concentration in estrus-synchronized Mehraban ewes. Trop Anim Health Prod 52: 1779-1786. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02183-8
  • Gabryszuk, M., & Klewiec, J. (2002). Effect of injecting 2-and 3-year-old ewes with selenium and selenium–vitamin-E on reproduction and rearing of lambs. Small Rumin Res 43 (2): 127-132. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(02)00005-6
  • Kaçar, C., Kamiloğlu, NN., Gürbulak, K., Pancarcı, ŞM., Güngör, Ö., Güvenç, K., & Saban, E. (2008). The Effect of administration of testosterone antibody, β-carotene and vitamin E on multiple pregnancy and MDA (Malondialdehyde) in Tuj breed sheep in non-breeding. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 14 (1): 51-56. Doi: https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2008.03-A
  • Kaya, S., Kaçar, C., Kaya, D., & Aslan, S. (2013). The effectiveness of supplemental administration of progesterone with GnRH, hCG and PGF2α on the fertility of Tuj sheep during the non-breeding season. Small Rumin Res 113 (2-3): 365-370. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.03.018
  • Khan, TH., Beck, N., & Khalid, M. (2007). The effects of GnRH analogue (buserelin) or hCG (Chorulon) on Day 12 of pregnancy on ovarian function, plasma hormone concentrations, conceptus growth and placentation in ewes and ewe lambs. Anim Reprod Sci 102 (3-4): 247-257. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.11.007
  • Khan, TH., Beck, NFG., & Khalid, M. (2009). The effect of hCG treatment on Day 12 post-mating on ovarian function and reproductive performance of ewes and ewe lambs. Anim Reprod Sci 116 (1-2): 162-168. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.01.010
  • Khan, TH., Becka, NFG., & Khalid, M. (2007). The effects of GnRH analogue (buserelin) or hCG (Chorulon) on day 12 of pregnancy on ovarian function, plasma hormone concentrations, conceptus growth and placentation in ewes and ewe lambs. Anim Reprod Sci 102: 247–257. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.11.007
  • Kittok, RJ., Stellflug, JN., & Lowry, SR. (1983). Enhanced progesterone and pregnancy rate after gonadotropin administration in lactating ewes. J Anim Sci 56 (3): 652-655.Doi: https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1983.563652x
  • Koyuncu, M., & Yerlikaya, H. (2007). Effect of selenium–vitamin E injections of ewes on reproduction and growth of their lambs. S Afr J Anim Sci 37 (4): 233-236. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v37i4.4095.
  • Köse, M., Kırbaş, M., Dursun, Ş., & Bayrıl, T. (2013). The effect of injections of β-carotene or vitamin E + selenium on fertility in ewes in anestrus season. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg 24 (2): 83-86.
  • McGrath, J., Duval, SM., Tamassia, LF., Kindermann, M., Stemmler, RT., Gouvea, VN., Acedo, TS., Immig, I., Williams, SN., & Celi, P. (2018). Nutritional strategies in ruminants A lifetime approach. Res Vet Sci 116: 28-39.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.09.011
  • Meza-Herrera, CA., Vargas-Beltran, F., Vergara-Hernandez, HP., Macias-Cruz, U., Avendaño-Reyes, L., Martinez, RR., Rodriguez, GA., & Veliz-Deras, FG. (2013). Betacarotene supplementation increases ovulation rate without an increment in LH secretion in cyclic goats. Reprod Biol 13 (1): 51-57. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repbio.2013.01.171
  • Mirzaei, A., Rezaei, M., & Asadi, J. (2014). Reproductive performance after hCG or GnRH administration of long-term progestagen treatment of fat tailed ewes during seasonal anoestrus. Istanbul Üniv Vet Fak Derg 40 (2): 176-182.
  • Mohebbi-Fani, M., Mirzaei, A., Nazifi, S., & Shabbooie, Z. (2012). Changes of vitamins A, E, and C and lipid peroxidation status of breeding and pregnant sheep during dry seasons on medium-to-low quality forages. Trop Anim Health Prod 44: 259-265. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-0012-1
  • Moeini, MM., Alipour, F., & Sanjabi, MR. (2013). Efficacy of CIDR or FGA sponges with hCG treatments on the conception rate and prolificacy in Lori Ewes out of the breeding season. IJAS 3 (3): 521-525.
  • Murdoch, WJ., & Martinchict, JF. (2004). Oxidative damage to DNA of ovarian surface epithelial cells affected by ovulation: Carcinogenic implication and chemoprevention. Exp Biol Med 229 (6): 546-552. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1535370204229006
  • Nayyar, S., & Jindal, R. (2010). Essentiality of antioxidant vitamins for ruminants in relation to stress and reproduction. IJVR 11 (1): 1-9.
  • Nephew, KP., Cardenas, H., McClure, KE., Ott, TL., Bazer, F., & Pope, WF. (1994). Effects of administration of human chorionic gonadotropin or progesterone before maternal recognition of pregnancy on blastocyst development and pregnancy in sheep. J Anim Sci 72: 453-458. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2527/1994.722453x
  • Özmen, MF., Say, E., & Cirit, Ü. (2022). Effect of combined or separate administration of beta carotene-vitamin e and hcg on fertility in sheep lambs. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28 (3): 396-400. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.932413
  • Özpınar, H., Şenel, HS., Özpınar, A., & Çekgül, E. (1994). Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular administered β-carotene and its effects on reproduction in sheep. Wiener Tierärztliche Monatsschrift 82: 229-231.
  • Rapaport, R., Sklan, D., Wolfenson, D., Shaham-Albalancy, A., & Hanukoglu, I. (1998). Antioxidant capacity is correlated with steroidogenic status of the corpus luteum during the bovine estrous cycle. Biochim Biophys Acta 1380 (1): 133-140. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4165(97)00136-0
  • Rostami, B., Hajizadeh, R., Shahir, MH., & Aliyari, D. (2017). The effect of post-mating hCG or progesterone administration on reproductive performance of Afshari×Booroola-Merino crossbred ewes. Trop Anim Health Prod 49 (2): 245-250. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-016-1183-6
  • Traber, MG., & Atkinson, J. (2007). Vitamin E, antioxidant and nothing more. Free Radic Biol Med 43 (1): 4-15. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.03.024
  • Yaprak, M., Emsen, E., Emsen, B. & Macit, M. (2004). The influence of vitamin E supplementation during late pregnancy on lamb mortality and ewe productivity in Awassi ewes. J Anim Vet Adv 3: 190-193.
  • Yokuş, B., Cakır, DU., Kanay, Z., Gulten, T., & Uysal, E. (2006). Effects of seasonal and physiological variations on the serum chemistry, vitamins and thyroid hormone concentrations in sheep. J Vet Med A 53 (6): 271-276. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.2006.00831.x
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Veteriner Hekimlik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Polat İpek 0000-0003-1756-9757

M. Ferit Özmen 0000-0002-5531-220X

Ümüt Cirit 0000-0002-0187-2615

Necattin Gönç 0000-0002-4320-7357

Şahin Tez 0000-0003-1561-8957

Muzaffer Taş 0000-0002-5143-7208

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 26 Haziran 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA İpek, P., Özmen, M. F., Cirit, Ü., Gönç, N., vd. (2025). Effects of using hCG and Beta Carotene + Vitamin E Alone or in Combination on Fertility in Estrus-Synchronized Awassi Ewes. Turkish Veterinary Journal, 7(1), 11-16. https://doi.org/10.51755/turkvetj.1683536
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