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Kroton-Yağıyla Oluşturulan Deneysel Hemoroid Modelinin Testis Histolojisi ve Bazı Sperm Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 5, 30.06.2025

Volkan Koşal , Halil Cumhur Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.51755/turkvetj.1713074

Abstract

Croton tiglium bitkisinden elde edilen kroton yağının rektal uygulama ile oluşturulan deneysel hemoroid modelinde erkek sıçanlarda testis histolojisi ve sperm parametreleri üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Deneysel çalışma için 16 erkek Albino Wistar sıçan kullanıldı. Hayvanlar rastgele 2 gruba ayrılmıştır. Kontrol grubuna hiçbir tedavi uygulanmadı (n:8). Kroton yağı grubunda (n:8), kroton yağı rektum içine swap yardımıyla uygulanarak hemoroid modeli oluşturuldu. Sıçanlar 5 gün sonra sakrifiye edildi. Sakrifikasyondan sonra histolojik inceleme için testis doku örnekleri %10'luk nötral tamponlu formalin ve Bouin tespit solüsyonu ile tespit edildi. Kauda epididimis ponksiyonu ile elde edilen sperm örneklerinde motilite, yoğunluk ve anormal sperm oranları belirlendi. Histolojik olarak, Kroton yağı uygulanan grupta seminifer tübüller arasındaki kapillerlerin lümenlerinin genişlediği, ancak spermatojenik hücreler, Sertoli hücreleri ve Leydig hücrelerinde herhangi bir değişiklik olmadığı gözlendi. Sperm analizinde motilite oranı, yoğunluk ve anormal sperm oranlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Kroton yağının rektal bölgede neden olduğu lokal venöz inflamasyonun testisteki venöz yapılar üzerinde kısmi etkileri olabileceği, ancak sperm parametrelerinde herhangi bir değişikliğe neden olmadığı belirlendi.

Keywords

Kroton yağı Hemoroid model Sperm Testis

References

  • Afriyie, D. K., Asare, G. A., Bugyei, K., Adjei, S., Lin, J. M., Peng, J., & Hong, Z. F. (2014). Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with Croton membranaceus in an experimental animal model. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 157, 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.007
  • Antonio, S., Maria, L. F. S., & Giuseppina, N. (2007). Traditional uses, chemistry, and pharmacology of Croton species (Euphorbiaceae). Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 18, 11–33. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532007000100002
  • Azeemuddin, M., Viswanatha, G. L., Rafiq, M., Thippeswamy, A. H., Baig, M. R., Kavya, K. J., Patki, P. S., & Shyam, R. (2014). An improved experimental model of hemorrhoids in rats: evaluation of antihemorrhoidal activity of an herbal formulation. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2014(1), 530931. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/530931
  • Campos, A. R., Albuquerque, F. A., Rao, V. S., Maciel, M. A., & Pinto, A. C. (2002). Investigations on the antinociceptive activity of crude extracts from Croton cajucara leaves in mice. Fitoterapia, 73, 116-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326x(02)00004-7
  • Caneguim, B. H., Serpeloni, J. M., Maciel, M. A. M., de Syllos Cólus, I. M., & de Fatima Paccola Mesquita, S. (2011). Reduction of DNA-damage by croton cajucara methanolic extract, but not the testicular alterations induced by doxorubicin. J Med Plants Res, 5, 3277-3285. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR.9000416
  • Chen, D., Luo, Q., Fan, W., Chen, C., & Liu, G. (2022). The association between varicocele and other vascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phlebology, 37(4), 233-240. https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555211069247
  • Erbaş, E., Üstündağ, H., Öztürk, E., Parlak, S. N., & Atcalı, T. (2024). Astaxanthin treatment reduces kidney damage and facilitates antioxidant recovery in lithium-intoxicated rats. Toxicon, 241, 107664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107664
  • Isyaka, S. M., Akintayo, A. H., & Abdullahi, A. M. (2024). A Review of Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Nigerian Crotons. Archives of Current Research International, 24(12), 250-274. https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i121016
  • Junior, J. I. G., Ferreira, M. R. A., de Oliveira, A. M., & Soares, L. A. L. (2022). Croton sp.: a review about popular uses, biological activities, and chemical composition. Research, Society and Development, 11(2), e57311225306-e57311225306. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25306
  • Layton, C., Bancroft, J. D. & Suvarna, S. K. (2019). Bancroft’s theory and practice of histological techniques. Layton, C., Bancroft, J. D. & Suvarna, S. K. (Eds), Fixation of tissues (p.p.=40-63), Elsevier.
  • Nallajerla, S. K., & Ganta, S. (2023). Croton Oil-induced Hemorrhoidal Rats: Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Mediated Anti-hemorrhoidal Activity of Tridax procumbens Whole Plant. Current Bioactive Compounds, 19(7), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573407219666230207105946
  • Ofusori, D. A., Oluwayinka, O. P., Adelakun, A. E., Keji, S. T., Oluyemi, K. A., Adesanya, O. A., Ajeigbe K. O., & Ayoka, A. O. (2007). Evaluation of the effect of ethanolic extract of Croton zambesicus on the testes of Swiss albino mice. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6(21), 2434-2438. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2007.000-2383
  • Pasqualotto, F. F., Lucon, A. M., Hallak, J., Góes, P. M., Saldanha, L. B., & Arap, S. (2003). Induction of spermatogenesis in azoospermic men after varicocele repair. Human Reproduction, 18(1), 108-112. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deg032
  • Rampa, K. M., Van De Venter, M., Koekemoer, T. C., Swanepoel, B., Venables, L., Hattingh, A. C., Viljoen, A. M., & Kamatou, G. P. (2022). Exploring four South African Croton species for potential anti-inflammatory properties: In vitro activity and toxicity risk assessment. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 282, 114596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114596
  • Sancak, T. (2023). The effects of repeated doses of xylazine-ketamine and medetomidineketamine anesthesia on DNA damage in the liver and kidney. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira, 38, e385723. https://doi.org/10.1590/acb385723
  • Saputera, Mangunwidjaja, D., Raharja, S., Kardono, L. B. S., & Iswantini, D. (2008). Characteristics, efficacy, and safety testing of standardized extract of Croton tiglium seed from Indonesia as laxative material. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11, 618–622. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2008.618.622
  • Song, H. K., Lee, G. S., Park, S. H., Noh, E. M., Kim, J. M., Ryu, D.G., Jung, S. H., Youn, H. J., Lee, Y. R., & Kwon, K. B. (2017). Crotonis Fructus extract inhibits 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced expression of matrix Metalloproteinase-9 via the activator protein-1 pathway in MCF-7 cells. Journal of Breast Cancer, 20, 234–239. https://doi.org/10.4048/jbc.2017.20.3.234
  • Stirpe, F., Pession-Brizzi, A., Lorenzoni, E., Strocchi, P., Montanaro, L., & Sperti, S. (1976). Studies on the proteins from the seeds of Croton tiglium and of Jatropha curcas. Toxic properties and inhibition ofprotein synthesis in vitro. Biochemical Journal, 156(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1560001
  • Sun, C., Wu, W., Yin, Z., Fan, L., Ma, Y., Lai, F., & Wu, H. (2018). Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the physicochemical properties, erythrocyte haemolysis inhibitory ability, and chemical antioxidant activity of mulberry leaf protein and its hydrolysates. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 53, 282-295. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.13584
  • Sun, M., Zeng, W., & Zhao, Z. (2024). Croton crassifolius Geisel.A comprehensive review of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and quality control. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 320, 117352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.117352
  • Taşkın, A. K., Gül, A., & Kat, N. (2024). Evaluation of the possible relationship between hemorrhoidal disease and varicocele in adult men. Cukurova Medical Journal, 49(2), 439-445. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1463901
  • Tsai, J. C., Tsai, S., & Chang, W. C. (2004). Effect of ethanol extracts of three Chinese medicinal plants with laxative properties on ion transport of the rat intestinal epithelia. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 27, 162-165. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.27.162
  • Wang, X., Lan, M., Wu, H. P., Shi, Y. Q., Lu, J., Ding, J., Wu, K. C., Jin, J. P., & Fan, D. M. (2002). Direct effect of croton oil on intestinal epithelial cells and colonic smooth muscle cells. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 8, 103-107.https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v8.i1.103
  • Yetkin, E., & Ileri, M. (2016). Dilating venous disease: pathophysiology and a systematic aspect to different vascular territories. Medical Hypotheses, 91, 73-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2016.04.016
  • Zhang, D. D., Zhou, B., Yu, J. H., Xu, C. H., Ding, J., Zhang, H., & Yue, J. M. (2015). Cytotoxic tigliane-type diterpenoids from Croton tiglium. Tetrahedron, 71(52), 9638-9644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2015.10

The Effect of Croton-Oil-Induced Experimental Hemorrhoid Model on Testicular Histology and Some Sperm Parameters

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 5, 30.06.2025

Volkan Koşal , Halil Cumhur Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.51755/turkvetj.1713074

Abstract

It was aimed to investigate the effects of Croton oil obtained from the Croton Tiglium plant on testicular histology and sperm parameters in male rats in an experimental hemorrhoid model caused by rectal administration. Sixteen male Albino Wistar rats were used for the experimental study. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups. No treatment was applied to the control group (n=8). In the Croton-oil group (n:8), a hemorrhoid model was created by applying Croton-oil into the rectum with the help of a swab. The rats were sacrificed after 5 days. After sacrifice, testicular tissue samples were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin and Bouin's fixative solution for histologic examination. Motility, density, and abnormal sperm rates were determined in sperm samples obtained by puncture of the cauda epididymis. Histologically, it was observed that the lumens of the capillaries between the seminiferous tubules were enlarged in the Croton-oil-treated group, but there was no change in spermatogenic cells, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells. In sperm analysis, no statistically significant difference was found in motility rate, density, and abnormal sperm rates (p>0.05). It was determined that local venous inflammation caused by Croton oil in the rectal area may have partial effects on the venous structures in the testis, but did not cause any change in sperm parameters.

Keywords

Croton-oil Hemorroid model Sperm Testis

Ethical Statement

Animal experiments were performed at Van Yüzüncü Yil University Experimental Medicine Application and Research Centre with the approval of the local ethics committee (Decision no: 2025/05-10 Date:29/05/2025).

Supporting Institution

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Thanks

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References

  • Afriyie, D. K., Asare, G. A., Bugyei, K., Adjei, S., Lin, J. M., Peng, J., & Hong, Z. F. (2014). Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with Croton membranaceus in an experimental animal model. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 157, 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.007
  • Antonio, S., Maria, L. F. S., & Giuseppina, N. (2007). Traditional uses, chemistry, and pharmacology of Croton species (Euphorbiaceae). Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 18, 11–33. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532007000100002
  • Azeemuddin, M., Viswanatha, G. L., Rafiq, M., Thippeswamy, A. H., Baig, M. R., Kavya, K. J., Patki, P. S., & Shyam, R. (2014). An improved experimental model of hemorrhoids in rats: evaluation of antihemorrhoidal activity of an herbal formulation. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2014(1), 530931. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/530931
  • Campos, A. R., Albuquerque, F. A., Rao, V. S., Maciel, M. A., & Pinto, A. C. (2002). Investigations on the antinociceptive activity of crude extracts from Croton cajucara leaves in mice. Fitoterapia, 73, 116-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326x(02)00004-7
  • Caneguim, B. H., Serpeloni, J. M., Maciel, M. A. M., de Syllos Cólus, I. M., & de Fatima Paccola Mesquita, S. (2011). Reduction of DNA-damage by croton cajucara methanolic extract, but not the testicular alterations induced by doxorubicin. J Med Plants Res, 5, 3277-3285. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR.9000416
  • Chen, D., Luo, Q., Fan, W., Chen, C., & Liu, G. (2022). The association between varicocele and other vascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phlebology, 37(4), 233-240. https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555211069247
  • Erbaş, E., Üstündağ, H., Öztürk, E., Parlak, S. N., & Atcalı, T. (2024). Astaxanthin treatment reduces kidney damage and facilitates antioxidant recovery in lithium-intoxicated rats. Toxicon, 241, 107664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107664
  • Isyaka, S. M., Akintayo, A. H., & Abdullahi, A. M. (2024). A Review of Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Nigerian Crotons. Archives of Current Research International, 24(12), 250-274. https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2024/v24i121016
  • Junior, J. I. G., Ferreira, M. R. A., de Oliveira, A. M., & Soares, L. A. L. (2022). Croton sp.: a review about popular uses, biological activities, and chemical composition. Research, Society and Development, 11(2), e57311225306-e57311225306. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25306
  • Layton, C., Bancroft, J. D. & Suvarna, S. K. (2019). Bancroft’s theory and practice of histological techniques. Layton, C., Bancroft, J. D. & Suvarna, S. K. (Eds), Fixation of tissues (p.p.=40-63), Elsevier.
  • Nallajerla, S. K., & Ganta, S. (2023). Croton Oil-induced Hemorrhoidal Rats: Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Mediated Anti-hemorrhoidal Activity of Tridax procumbens Whole Plant. Current Bioactive Compounds, 19(7), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573407219666230207105946
  • Ofusori, D. A., Oluwayinka, O. P., Adelakun, A. E., Keji, S. T., Oluyemi, K. A., Adesanya, O. A., Ajeigbe K. O., & Ayoka, A. O. (2007). Evaluation of the effect of ethanolic extract of Croton zambesicus on the testes of Swiss albino mice. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6(21), 2434-2438. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2007.000-2383
  • Pasqualotto, F. F., Lucon, A. M., Hallak, J., Góes, P. M., Saldanha, L. B., & Arap, S. (2003). Induction of spermatogenesis in azoospermic men after varicocele repair. Human Reproduction, 18(1), 108-112. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deg032
  • Rampa, K. M., Van De Venter, M., Koekemoer, T. C., Swanepoel, B., Venables, L., Hattingh, A. C., Viljoen, A. M., & Kamatou, G. P. (2022). Exploring four South African Croton species for potential anti-inflammatory properties: In vitro activity and toxicity risk assessment. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 282, 114596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114596
  • Sancak, T. (2023). The effects of repeated doses of xylazine-ketamine and medetomidineketamine anesthesia on DNA damage in the liver and kidney. Acta Cirurgica Brasileira, 38, e385723. https://doi.org/10.1590/acb385723
  • Saputera, Mangunwidjaja, D., Raharja, S., Kardono, L. B. S., & Iswantini, D. (2008). Characteristics, efficacy, and safety testing of standardized extract of Croton tiglium seed from Indonesia as laxative material. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11, 618–622. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2008.618.622
  • Song, H. K., Lee, G. S., Park, S. H., Noh, E. M., Kim, J. M., Ryu, D.G., Jung, S. H., Youn, H. J., Lee, Y. R., & Kwon, K. B. (2017). Crotonis Fructus extract inhibits 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced expression of matrix Metalloproteinase-9 via the activator protein-1 pathway in MCF-7 cells. Journal of Breast Cancer, 20, 234–239. https://doi.org/10.4048/jbc.2017.20.3.234
  • Stirpe, F., Pession-Brizzi, A., Lorenzoni, E., Strocchi, P., Montanaro, L., & Sperti, S. (1976). Studies on the proteins from the seeds of Croton tiglium and of Jatropha curcas. Toxic properties and inhibition ofprotein synthesis in vitro. Biochemical Journal, 156(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1560001
  • Sun, C., Wu, W., Yin, Z., Fan, L., Ma, Y., Lai, F., & Wu, H. (2018). Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the physicochemical properties, erythrocyte haemolysis inhibitory ability, and chemical antioxidant activity of mulberry leaf protein and its hydrolysates. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 53, 282-295. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.13584
  • Sun, M., Zeng, W., & Zhao, Z. (2024). Croton crassifolius Geisel.A comprehensive review of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and quality control. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 320, 117352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.117352
  • Taşkın, A. K., Gül, A., & Kat, N. (2024). Evaluation of the possible relationship between hemorrhoidal disease and varicocele in adult men. Cukurova Medical Journal, 49(2), 439-445. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1463901
  • Tsai, J. C., Tsai, S., & Chang, W. C. (2004). Effect of ethanol extracts of three Chinese medicinal plants with laxative properties on ion transport of the rat intestinal epithelia. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 27, 162-165. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.27.162
  • Wang, X., Lan, M., Wu, H. P., Shi, Y. Q., Lu, J., Ding, J., Wu, K. C., Jin, J. P., & Fan, D. M. (2002). Direct effect of croton oil on intestinal epithelial cells and colonic smooth muscle cells. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 8, 103-107.https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v8.i1.103
  • Yetkin, E., & Ileri, M. (2016). Dilating venous disease: pathophysiology and a systematic aspect to different vascular territories. Medical Hypotheses, 91, 73-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2016.04.016
  • Zhang, D. D., Zhou, B., Yu, J. H., Xu, C. H., Ding, J., Zhang, H., & Yue, J. M. (2015). Cytotoxic tigliane-type diterpenoids from Croton tiglium. Tetrahedron, 71(52), 9638-9644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2015.10
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Histology and Embryology, Veterinary Urology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Volkan Koşal 0000-0001-5268-5046

Halil Cumhur Yılmaz 0000-0003-3958-7948

Early Pub Date June 30, 2025
Publication Date June 30, 2025
Submission Date June 3, 2025
Acceptance Date June 20, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Koşal, V., & Yılmaz, H. C. (2025). The Effect of Croton-Oil-Induced Experimental Hemorrhoid Model on Testicular Histology and Some Sperm Parameters. Turkish Veterinary Journal, 7(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.51755/turkvetj.1713074
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