Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the type of lesions in birds referred to the clinic with the complaint of beak deformity, the potential presence of the lesions among the bird species, and the possible causes of the lesions and to report what treatment should be applied. Twenty-six individuals from several bird species with broken and abnormal beak deformities in the beak were presented to our clinics. Different forms of beak deformities were observed, and the causes of some of the lesions were determined as unknown. Beak lesions in wild birds were mostly traumatic fractures, whereas cage birds had parasitic infections and abnormal beak elongation due to nutritional disorders. Treatment protocols appropriate for the region of the beak, severity of the lesion, underlying cause, and type of bird were determined.
Supporting Institution
İstanbul university-cerrahpaşa veterinary faculty
References
- Abou-Alsoud ME, Karrouf GI (2016) Diagnosis and management of Knemidocoptes pilae in budgerigars (Melopsittacus Undulates): Case reports in Egypt. M J Vete 1: 007.
- Altan E, Eravcı E, Cizmecigil UY, Yildar E, Aydin O, Turan N, Ozsoy S et al. (2016) Detection and phylogeny of beak and feather disease virus and avian polyomavirus in Psittacine pet birds in Turkey. J Exot Pet Med 25:280-287. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2016.06.012
- Crosta L (2002) Alloplastic and heteroplastic bill prostheses in 2 Ramphastidae birds. J Avian Med Surg 16:218–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742(2002)016[0218:AAHBPI]2.0.CO;2
- Flammer K (2006) Antibiotic drug selection in companion birds. J Exot Pet Med 15:166-176. doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2006.06.003
- Gartrell BD, Alley MR, Kelly T (2003) Bacterial sinusitis as a cause of beak deformity in an Antipodes Island parakeet (Cyanoramphus unicolor). N Z Vet J 51:196-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2003.36365
- Gelis, S. (2006). Evaluating and treating the gastrointestinal system. Clinical avian medicine, 1, 411-440.
- Iko WM, Dusek RJ (2011)Severe bill deformity of an American Kestrel wintering in California. West Birds 42:251–254.
- Jones CW, Rısı MM, Kuntz W, Ryan PG, Steinfurth A, Bond AL (2015) Bill deformities in Penduins (Spheniscidae): A global review. Mar Ornithol 43:207-209.
- Purificacao KN (2019) A case of beak deformity in the Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis and a review on beak deformities in wild birds in Brazil. Rev Bras Ornithol 27:212–217. doi: 10.1007/BF03544473
- Raidal SR, Butler R (2001) Chronic rhinosinusitis and rhampothecal destruction in a Major Mitchell’s cockatoo (Cacatua leadbeateri) due to Cryptococcus neoformans var gatii. J Avian Med Surg 15:121–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742(2001)015[0121:CRARDI]2.0.CO;2
- Soons J, Herrel A, Genbrugge A, Aerts P, Podos J, Adriaens D, Witte Y et al. (2010) Mechanical stress, fracture risk and beak evolution in Darwin’s ground finches (Geospiza). Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 365: 1093–1098 doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0280
- Speer B, Powers LV (2016) Anatomy and disorders of the beak and oral cavity of birds. Vet Clin Exot Anim 19:707–736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2016.04.003
- Toparlak M, Tüzer E, Gargili A, Gülanber A (1999) Therapy of knemidocoptic mange in budgerigars with spot-on application of moxidectin. Turk J Vet AnimSci. 23:173-174.
- Wheler CL (2002) Orthopedic conditions of the avian head. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 5:83-95. doi:10.1016/s1094-9194(03)00047-1
- Worell AB (2013) Dermatological conditions affecting the beak, claws, and feet of captive Avian species. Vet Clin Exot Anim 16:777–799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2013.05.005
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, gaga deformitesi şikayeti ile kliniğe sevk edilen kuşlarda lezyon tiplerini, kuş türleri arasında lezyonların olası varlığını ve nedenlerini belirlemek ve hangi tedavinin yapılması gerektiğini bildirmektir. Gagasında kırık ve anormal gaga deformiteleri olan çeşitli kuş türlerinden 26 hasta kliniğimize getirildi. Farklı şekillerde gaga deformiteleri görüldü ve bazı lezyonların nedenlerinin bilinmediği belirtildi. Yabani kanatlılardaki gaga lezyonlarının çoğunlukla travmatik kırıklar, kafes kuşlarında ise parazitik enfeksiyonlar ve beslenme bozukluklarından dolayı anormal gaga uzaması şeklinde olduğu belirlendi. Gaga bölgesine, lezyonun ciddiyetine, altta yatan nedene ve kuş tipine uygun tedavi protokolleri belirlendi.
References
- Abou-Alsoud ME, Karrouf GI (2016) Diagnosis and management of Knemidocoptes pilae in budgerigars (Melopsittacus Undulates): Case reports in Egypt. M J Vete 1: 007.
- Altan E, Eravcı E, Cizmecigil UY, Yildar E, Aydin O, Turan N, Ozsoy S et al. (2016) Detection and phylogeny of beak and feather disease virus and avian polyomavirus in Psittacine pet birds in Turkey. J Exot Pet Med 25:280-287. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jepm.2016.06.012
- Crosta L (2002) Alloplastic and heteroplastic bill prostheses in 2 Ramphastidae birds. J Avian Med Surg 16:218–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742(2002)016[0218:AAHBPI]2.0.CO;2
- Flammer K (2006) Antibiotic drug selection in companion birds. J Exot Pet Med 15:166-176. doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2006.06.003
- Gartrell BD, Alley MR, Kelly T (2003) Bacterial sinusitis as a cause of beak deformity in an Antipodes Island parakeet (Cyanoramphus unicolor). N Z Vet J 51:196-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2003.36365
- Gelis, S. (2006). Evaluating and treating the gastrointestinal system. Clinical avian medicine, 1, 411-440.
- Iko WM, Dusek RJ (2011)Severe bill deformity of an American Kestrel wintering in California. West Birds 42:251–254.
- Jones CW, Rısı MM, Kuntz W, Ryan PG, Steinfurth A, Bond AL (2015) Bill deformities in Penduins (Spheniscidae): A global review. Mar Ornithol 43:207-209.
- Purificacao KN (2019) A case of beak deformity in the Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis and a review on beak deformities in wild birds in Brazil. Rev Bras Ornithol 27:212–217. doi: 10.1007/BF03544473
- Raidal SR, Butler R (2001) Chronic rhinosinusitis and rhampothecal destruction in a Major Mitchell’s cockatoo (Cacatua leadbeateri) due to Cryptococcus neoformans var gatii. J Avian Med Surg 15:121–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742(2001)015[0121:CRARDI]2.0.CO;2
- Soons J, Herrel A, Genbrugge A, Aerts P, Podos J, Adriaens D, Witte Y et al. (2010) Mechanical stress, fracture risk and beak evolution in Darwin’s ground finches (Geospiza). Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 365: 1093–1098 doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0280
- Speer B, Powers LV (2016) Anatomy and disorders of the beak and oral cavity of birds. Vet Clin Exot Anim 19:707–736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2016.04.003
- Toparlak M, Tüzer E, Gargili A, Gülanber A (1999) Therapy of knemidocoptic mange in budgerigars with spot-on application of moxidectin. Turk J Vet AnimSci. 23:173-174.
- Wheler CL (2002) Orthopedic conditions of the avian head. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 5:83-95. doi:10.1016/s1094-9194(03)00047-1
- Worell AB (2013) Dermatological conditions affecting the beak, claws, and feet of captive Avian species. Vet Clin Exot Anim 16:777–799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2013.05.005
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 3, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 |