Abstract
Stray animals that have been domesticated by humans and found in the same environment and can establish social relationships with their own population and other living communities, especially humans, in nature and are ownerless. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the deafness of mongrel dogs in the Stray Animal Care and Rehabilitation Centre of Sivas Municipality. A total of 20 crossbred dogs in the Centre were examined for deafness with the Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER) test (20, 40, 60 and 80 decibels (dB)) and their hearing thresholds were obtained. Afterwards, the dogs were grouped as a single group without any discrimination according to general, and sex (male and female), whether the ear was cut or not, and age range (3 years old and under, and over 3 years old) and wave ranges of 20, 40, 60 and 80 dB of both ears in all groups, and the I-III-V. wave ranges of 80 dB in the general group were compared. In group comparisons, Mann Whitney U test was performed with SPSS v.25 package program since there were 2 groups in each group and the number was small. As a result of the study, 20 and 40 dB sound range could not be detected in 2 animals and 60 dB in 1 animal in the group over 3 years of age. As a result of the comparison of the groups, statistical significance was found in the 60 and 80 dB of left ear in the whether the ear was cut or not groups, and in all wavelengths of both ears in the age groups (P<0.05 and P<0.01). This study is the first study in which deafness screening was performed in different mongrel dogs in Sivas Municipality Stray Animal Care and Rehabilitation Centre. The study should be expanded both to increase the number of animals in the same Centre and to include stray dogs in different environments.
Ethical Statement
The study was conducted within the scope of the Ethics Committee Report obtained from Sivas Cumhuriyet University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee (decision dated 08.12.2023 and numbered 65202830-050.04.04.04-780).
Thanks
We would like to thank the veterinarians and staff of Sivas Municipality Stray Animals Care and Rehabilitation Centre for their help during the study. The study was presented as an oral presentation to 7th International Eurasian Conference on Biological and Chemical Sciences, 02-04 October 2024, Ankara (online), Türkiye.
References
- Abitbol, M., Jagannathan, V., Lopez, M., Courtin, A., de Citres, C. D., Gache, V., & Leeb, T. (2023). A CDH23 missense variant in Beauceron dogs with non-syndromic deafness. Animal Genetics, 54(1), 73-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/age.13273
- Akyıldız, N. A. (1998). İşitme Fizyolojisi. Kulak Hastalıkları ve Mikrocerrahisi (Vol 1). Ankara: Bilimsel Tıp Yayınevi. Ballenger, J. J., & Snow, J. B. (2000). Otorinolaringoloji baş ve boyun cerrahisi. 15. Baskı. İşitme ve vestibüler sistemlerin fizyolojisi (pp. 879-900). Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
- Clark, L. A., Wahl, J. M., Rees, C. A., & Murphy, K. E. (2006). Retrotransposon insertion in SILV is responsible for merle patterning of the domestic dog. PNAS, 103(5), 1376-1381. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0506940103
- Cline, A. (2012). The genetics of deafness in Dalmatians. Microreviews in Cell and Molecular Biology, 1(1), 130-131.
- Comito, B., Knowles, K. E., & Strain, G. M. (2012). Congenital deafness in Jack Russell terriers: prevalence and association with phenotype. Veterinary Journal, 193(2), 404–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.02.018
- Hayes, G. M., Friend, E. J., & Jeffery, N. D. (2010). Relationship between pharyngeal conformation and otitis media with effusion in Cavalier King Charles spaniels. Veterinary Record, 167(2), 55–58. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.b4886
- Keele, C. A., & Neil, E. (1971). Samson wright’s applied physiology. (12nd. Ed.). London, New York, Toronto: Oxford Univ. Press.
- Koçkaya, M., Özşensoy, Y., & Murat, H. (2019). Deafness risk estimation analysis of native genetic reource Kangal shepherd dog breed: Sivas province example. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 14(2), 115-121. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2019.115.121
- Koçkaya, M., Özşensoy, Y., & Murat, H. (2022). Deafness investigations of Aksaray Malaklısı dogs in Sivas province. Journal of Health Sciences Institute, 7(3), 195-199. https://doi.org/10.51754/cusbed.1162866
- Krahwinkel, D. J., Pardo, A. D., Sims, M. H., & Bubb, W. J. (1993). Effect of total ablation of the external acoustic meatus and bulla osteotomy on auditory function in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 202(6), 949–952.
- Lewis, T., Freeman, J., & De Risio, L. (2020). Decline in prevalence of congenital sensorineural deafness in Dalmatian dogs in the United Kingdom. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 34, 1524-1531. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15776
- Lv, P., Wei, D., & Yamoah, E. N. (2010). Kv7-type channel currents in spiral ganglion neurons. Involvement in sensorineural hearing loss. Journal of Biology Chemistry, 285(45), 34699–34707. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.136192
- Paparella, M. M., Schumrick, D. A., Gluckman, J. L., & Meyerhoff, W. (1991). Electrophysiology of the peripheral auditory system. Otolaryngology (3rd Ed). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.
- Rizzi, M. D., & Hirose, K. (2007). Aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, 15(5), 352–357. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOO.0b013e3282ef772d
- Selvaraj, P., Sivakumar, M., Yogeshpriya, S., Venkatesan, M., Veeraselvam, M., & Jayalakshmi, K. (2018). Deafness evaluation and brainstrem auditory evoked response (BAER) testing in dogs. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 6(1), 1473-1475.
- Sommerland, S., McRae, A. F., McDonald, B., Johnstone, I., Cuttell, L., Seddon, J. M., & O’leary, C. A. (2010). Congenital sensorineural deafness in Australian Stumpy-tail cattle dogs is an autosomal recessive trait that maps to CFA10. PLoS ONE, 5(10), e13364. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013364
- SPSS Inc. (2017). SPSS 25.0 for Windows Evalution Version.
- Steel, K. P. (1995). Inherited hearing defects in mice. Annu Rev Genet, 29, 675–701. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ge.29.120195.003331
- Steel, K. P., & Bock, G. R. (1983). Hereditary inner-ear abnormalities in animals. Arch Otolaryngol, 109(1), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1983.00800150026005
- Stern-Bertholtz, W., Sjöström, L., & Håkanson, N. W. (2003). Primary secretory otitis media in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel: a review of 61 cases. J Small Anim Pract, 44(6), 253–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2003.tb00151.x.
- Strain, G. M. (2004). Deafness prevalence and pigmentation and gender associations in dog breeds at risk. The Veterinary Journal, 167, 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-0233(03)00104-7
- Strain, G. M. (2023). Deafness in dogs & cats. https://www.lsu.edu/deafness/breeds.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 01.09.2024.
- Strain, G.M. (1999). Congenital deafness and its recognition. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 29(4), 895-907.
- Strain, G.M. (2011). Physiology of the auditory system. In: Deafness in dogs and cats. Wallingford (UK): CAB International.
- Strain, G.M. (2012). Canine deafness. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 42(6), 1209–1224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2012.08.010
- Strain, G. M. (2021). Congenital sensorineural deafness in Dogo Argentino dogs: Prevalance and phenotype associations. Veterinary Record, 188(9), e299. https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.299
- Tandoğan, O. (2022). Kentleşme bağlamında sokak hayvanlarının değişen statüsü. Kent Akademisi Dergisi, 15(4), 1884-1905. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1109822
- Yaman, S.G. (2004). Kobaylarda dehidrasyonun iç kulak üzerine etkisinin distorsiyon ürünü otoakustik emisyon ölçüm yöntemiyle fonksiyonel olarak araştırılması. [Uzmanlık tezi, İstanbul].
Sokak Hayvanları Bakım ve Rehabilitasyon Merkezinde Bulunan Köpeklerin Sağırlık Yönünden Araştırılması
Abstract
İnsanlar tarafından evcilleştirilmiş ve aynı çevrede bulunan, doğada gerek kendi popülasyonuyla gerekse insan başta olmak üzere diğer canlı toplulukları ile sosyal ilişkiler kurabilen sahipsiz hayvanlara sokak hayvanı denilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Sivas Belediyesine ait Sokak Hayvanları Bakım ve Rehabilite Merkezinde bulunan melez köpeklerin sağırlık yönünden araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Merkezde bulunan toplam 20 adet melez köpeğinde Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER) testi ile sağırlık tarama işlemi gerçekleştirilmiş (20, 40, 60 ve 80 desibeller (dB)) ve duyma eşikleri elde edilmiştir. Daha sonra köpekler hiçbir ayrıma tabi tutulmadan tek grup olacak şekilde genel ve cinsiyet (erkek ve dişi), kulağı kesik olup olmaması (kesik ve kesik değil) ve yaş aralığına (3 yaş ve altı ile 3 yaş üstü) göre farklı gruplandırma yapılarak tüm gruplarda her iki kulağa ait 20, 40, 60 ve 80 dB ile genel grubunda 80 dB’nin I-III-V. dalga aralıkları karşılaştırılmıştır. Grup karşılaştırılmalarında hepsinde 2 şer grup olması ve sayı az olduğundan dolayı Mann Whitney U testi SPSS v.25 paket programı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, 3 yaş üstü grubunda 2 hayvanda 20 ve 40 dB ve 1 hayvanda 60 dB ses aralığı tespit edilememiştir. Grupların karşılaştırılması sonucunda ise kulak durumuna göre sol 60 ve 80 dB ve yaş grubunda her iki kulağın tüm dalga boylarında istatistiksel olarak önemlilik tespit edilmiştir (P<0.05 ve P<0.01). Bu çalışma Sivas Belediyesi Sokak Hayvanları Bakım ve Rehabilite Merkezinde bulunan farklı melez köpeklerinde sağırlık taramasının yapıldığı ilk çalışma olma özelliğine sahiptir. Çalışma hem aynı merkezde bulunan hayvan sayısının arttırılması hem de farklı ortamlarda bulunan sokak köpeklerini de içerecek şekilde genişletilmesi gerekmektedir.
Ethical Statement
Çalışma, Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulundan (08.12.2023 tarih ve 65202830-050.04.04-780 sayılı kararı) alınan Etik Kurul Raporu kapsamında yapılmıştır.
Thanks
Çalışmanın yapılması esnasında yardımlarından dolayı Sivas Belediyesi Sokak Hayvanları Bakım ve Rehabilite Merkezi Veteriner Hekim ve çalışanlarına teşekkür ederiz. Bu makale, 7th International Eurasian Conference on Biological and Chemical Sciences 02-04 Ekim 2024, Ankara (online), Türkiye’de sözlü sunum olarak sunulmuştur.
References
- Abitbol, M., Jagannathan, V., Lopez, M., Courtin, A., de Citres, C. D., Gache, V., & Leeb, T. (2023). A CDH23 missense variant in Beauceron dogs with non-syndromic deafness. Animal Genetics, 54(1), 73-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/age.13273
- Akyıldız, N. A. (1998). İşitme Fizyolojisi. Kulak Hastalıkları ve Mikrocerrahisi (Vol 1). Ankara: Bilimsel Tıp Yayınevi. Ballenger, J. J., & Snow, J. B. (2000). Otorinolaringoloji baş ve boyun cerrahisi. 15. Baskı. İşitme ve vestibüler sistemlerin fizyolojisi (pp. 879-900). Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
- Clark, L. A., Wahl, J. M., Rees, C. A., & Murphy, K. E. (2006). Retrotransposon insertion in SILV is responsible for merle patterning of the domestic dog. PNAS, 103(5), 1376-1381. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0506940103
- Cline, A. (2012). The genetics of deafness in Dalmatians. Microreviews in Cell and Molecular Biology, 1(1), 130-131.
- Comito, B., Knowles, K. E., & Strain, G. M. (2012). Congenital deafness in Jack Russell terriers: prevalence and association with phenotype. Veterinary Journal, 193(2), 404–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.02.018
- Hayes, G. M., Friend, E. J., & Jeffery, N. D. (2010). Relationship between pharyngeal conformation and otitis media with effusion in Cavalier King Charles spaniels. Veterinary Record, 167(2), 55–58. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.b4886
- Keele, C. A., & Neil, E. (1971). Samson wright’s applied physiology. (12nd. Ed.). London, New York, Toronto: Oxford Univ. Press.
- Koçkaya, M., Özşensoy, Y., & Murat, H. (2019). Deafness risk estimation analysis of native genetic reource Kangal shepherd dog breed: Sivas province example. American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 14(2), 115-121. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2019.115.121
- Koçkaya, M., Özşensoy, Y., & Murat, H. (2022). Deafness investigations of Aksaray Malaklısı dogs in Sivas province. Journal of Health Sciences Institute, 7(3), 195-199. https://doi.org/10.51754/cusbed.1162866
- Krahwinkel, D. J., Pardo, A. D., Sims, M. H., & Bubb, W. J. (1993). Effect of total ablation of the external acoustic meatus and bulla osteotomy on auditory function in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 202(6), 949–952.
- Lewis, T., Freeman, J., & De Risio, L. (2020). Decline in prevalence of congenital sensorineural deafness in Dalmatian dogs in the United Kingdom. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 34, 1524-1531. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15776
- Lv, P., Wei, D., & Yamoah, E. N. (2010). Kv7-type channel currents in spiral ganglion neurons. Involvement in sensorineural hearing loss. Journal of Biology Chemistry, 285(45), 34699–34707. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.136192
- Paparella, M. M., Schumrick, D. A., Gluckman, J. L., & Meyerhoff, W. (1991). Electrophysiology of the peripheral auditory system. Otolaryngology (3rd Ed). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.
- Rizzi, M. D., & Hirose, K. (2007). Aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, 15(5), 352–357. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOO.0b013e3282ef772d
- Selvaraj, P., Sivakumar, M., Yogeshpriya, S., Venkatesan, M., Veeraselvam, M., & Jayalakshmi, K. (2018). Deafness evaluation and brainstrem auditory evoked response (BAER) testing in dogs. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 6(1), 1473-1475.
- Sommerland, S., McRae, A. F., McDonald, B., Johnstone, I., Cuttell, L., Seddon, J. M., & O’leary, C. A. (2010). Congenital sensorineural deafness in Australian Stumpy-tail cattle dogs is an autosomal recessive trait that maps to CFA10. PLoS ONE, 5(10), e13364. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013364
- SPSS Inc. (2017). SPSS 25.0 for Windows Evalution Version.
- Steel, K. P. (1995). Inherited hearing defects in mice. Annu Rev Genet, 29, 675–701. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ge.29.120195.003331
- Steel, K. P., & Bock, G. R. (1983). Hereditary inner-ear abnormalities in animals. Arch Otolaryngol, 109(1), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1983.00800150026005
- Stern-Bertholtz, W., Sjöström, L., & Håkanson, N. W. (2003). Primary secretory otitis media in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel: a review of 61 cases. J Small Anim Pract, 44(6), 253–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2003.tb00151.x.
- Strain, G. M. (2004). Deafness prevalence and pigmentation and gender associations in dog breeds at risk. The Veterinary Journal, 167, 23–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-0233(03)00104-7
- Strain, G. M. (2023). Deafness in dogs & cats. https://www.lsu.edu/deafness/breeds.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 01.09.2024.
- Strain, G.M. (1999). Congenital deafness and its recognition. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 29(4), 895-907.
- Strain, G.M. (2011). Physiology of the auditory system. In: Deafness in dogs and cats. Wallingford (UK): CAB International.
- Strain, G.M. (2012). Canine deafness. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 42(6), 1209–1224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2012.08.010
- Strain, G. M. (2021). Congenital sensorineural deafness in Dogo Argentino dogs: Prevalance and phenotype associations. Veterinary Record, 188(9), e299. https://doi.org/10.1002/vetr.299
- Tandoğan, O. (2022). Kentleşme bağlamında sokak hayvanlarının değişen statüsü. Kent Akademisi Dergisi, 15(4), 1884-1905. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1109822
- Yaman, S.G. (2004). Kobaylarda dehidrasyonun iç kulak üzerine etkisinin distorsiyon ürünü otoakustik emisyon ölçüm yöntemiyle fonksiyonel olarak araştırılması. [Uzmanlık tezi, İstanbul].
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | December 28, 2024 |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2024 |
| Submission Date | September 29, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | November 26, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024Volume: 6 Issue: 2 |
