Hindilerde ve Beç Tavuklarında Medulla Oblongata’nın Hacim Değerlerinin Stereolojik Olarak İncelenmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, beç tavukları (Numida meleagris) ve hindilerde (Meleagris gallopavo) medulla oblongata’nın morfometrik ve volumetrik özelliklerini stereolojik yöntemler ile karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektir. Çalışmada, 8 aylık sağlıklı dişi hindiler ve beç tavukları kullanılmış, beyinler formaldehit çözeltisinde sabitlenmiş ve medulla oblongata dikkatlice dissekte edilmiştir. Medulla oblongata’nın uzunluk, çap ve ağırlık ölçümleri alınmış, 5 µm kalınlığındaki H&E ile boyanan kesitler üzerinden Cavalieri prensibi kullanılarak toplam hacim, medulla hacmi ve korteks hacmi hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca medulla/korteks, korteks/toplam hacim ve medulla/toplam hacim oranları da değerlendirilmiştir.
Sonuçlar, beç tavuklarında medulla oblongata ağırlığı ile medulla ve toplam hacim değerleri arasında güçlü pozitif korelasyon olduğunu göstermiştir. Özellikle medulla hacminin toplam hacme etkisi, korteks hacminin etkisinden daha belirgin bulunmuştur. Hindilerde medulla/korteks ve medulla/toplam hacim oranları hindilerden daha yüksek bulunurken, hindilerde korteks hacmi toplam hacme daha fazla katkı sağlamıştır. Ayrıca hindilerde medulla oblongata’nın ağırlığı ve uzunluğu, korteks hacmi ile pozitif ilişki gösterirken, medulla hacmi bu parametrelerden bağımsızdır. Morphometrik ölçümler ve stereolojik veriler arasındaki ilişkiler, medulla oblongata’nın yapısal gelişimini ve hacimsel büyümesini anlamada değerli bilgiler sunmuştur.
Bu çalışmada elde edilen veriler, medulla oblongata’nın volumetrik ve morfolojik gelişimi, nöroanatomi ve karşılaştırmalı anatomi alanlarında güvenilir bir referans oluşturmakta; aynı zamanda hayvansal fizyoloji, biyometri, evrimsel biyoloji ve tarımsal üretim açısından da önemli uygulamalara işaret etmektedir. Stereolojik yöntemlerin medulla oblongata gibi küçük ve hassas dokuların analizinde güvenilir ve doğru sonuçlar sağladığı gösterilmiştir.
Keywords
Beç tavuğu (Numida meleagris) hacim hindi (Meleagris gallopavo) medulla oblongata morfometri stereoloji.
Project Number
TUY-2025-12391
References
- Baddeley, A. J., Gundersen, H. J. G., & Cruz-Orive, L. M. (1986). Estimation of surface area from vertical sections. Journal of Microscopy, 142(3), 259–276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.1986.tb04282.x
- Baumel, J. J., King, A. S., Breazile, J. E., Evans, H. E., & Vanden Berge, J. C. (1993). Handbook of avian anatomy: Nomina anatomica avium (2nd ed.). Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, No. 23.
- Brown, F., & Davis, G. (2020). Volumetric study of brain structures in wild and domestic turkeys. Poultry Science, 99(8), 3724–3732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.04.032
- Cunha, F., et al. (2022). Neuronal and non-neuronal scaling across brain regions in chickens. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.XXXXXX
- Delacour, J. (1977). Anatomical and histological study of the brain in Gallus gallus domesticus. [Journal information missing].
- Dyce, K. M., Sack, W. O., & Wensing, C. J. G. (2017). Textbook of veterinary anatomy (5th ed.). Elsevier. Ebinger, P., & Röhrs, M. (1995). Volumetric analysis of brain structures, especially of the visual system, in wild and domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). Journal für Hirnforschung, 36(2), 219–228.
- Ertas, O., & Cakmak, G. (2023). Stereological investigation of medulla oblongata volume in Norduz sheep. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 47(4), 334–344. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0128.4302
- Gautam, A. K., Ray, S., Das, P., Mandal, A. K., Tudu, N. K., & Sinha, M. K. (2024). Age-specific anatomical studies on the medulla oblongata in post-hatch broiler chicken. Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Biotechnology, 20(2), 117–120. https://doi.org/10.48165/ijvsbt.20.2.26
- Gundersen, H. J. G., & Jensen, E. B. (1985). The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction. Journal of Microscopy, 147(3), 229–263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.1986.tb04282.x
- Gupta, S. K. (2016). Studies of the macroscopic and microscopic morphology (hippocampus) of brain in Vencobb broiler. Veterinary World, 9(5), 507–511. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2016.507-511
- Gupta, S. K., & Jain, R. (1993). Gross morphometrical study on the brain of Gallus domesticus. Journal of Veterinary Anatomy, 4(1), 12–18.
- Howard, C. V., & Reed, M. G. (2005). Unbiased stereology: Three-dimensional measurement in microscopy (2nd ed.). Garland Science.
- Karkoura, A. A., Alsafy, M. A. M., Elgendy, S. A. A., & Eldefrawy, F. A. (2015). Morphological investigation of the brain of the African ostrich (Struthio camelus). International Journal of Morphology, 33(4), 1468–1475. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022015000400046
- Karten, H. J., & Hodos, W. (1967). A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the pigeon (Columba livia). Johns Hopkins Press.
- König, H. E., Korbel, R., & Liebich, H.-G. (2016). Avian Anatomy: Textbook and Colour Atlas (2nd ed.). 5M Publishing.
- König, H. E., & Liebich, H. G. (2020). Veterinary anatomy of domestic mammals: Textbook and colour atlas (5th ed.). Springer.
- Kumar, S., Meshram, B., Joshi, H., Saran, D., Parmar, N., & Singh, G. (2020). Gross anatomy and morphometry of the brain in guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). International Journal of Livestock Research, 10(11), 79–84. https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20200801043852
- Kuenzel, W. J., & Masson, M. A. (1988). A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the chick (Gallus domesticus). Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Lee, H., Kim, S., & Park, J. (2017). Age-specific anatomical studies on the medulla oblongata in post-hatch broiler chicken. Veterinary Anatomy Journal, 23(1), 55–62.
- Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema naturae (10th ed.). Laurentius Salvius.
- Madge, S., & McGowan, P. (2002). Pheasants, partridges, and grouse: Including buttonquails, sandgrouse, and allies. Christopher Helm.
- Oguz, E. O., Conkur, E. S., & Sari, M. (2007). SHTEREOM I: Simple Windows® based software for stereology—Volume and number estimations. Image Analysis & Stereology, 26(1), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.5566/ias.v26.p45-50
- Reiner, A., Perkel, D. J., Bruce, L. L., Butler, A. B., Csillag, A., Kuenzel, W., … Jarvis, E. D. (2004). Revised nomenclature for avian telencephalon and some related brainstem nuclei. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 473(3), 377–414. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.20118
- Sibley, C. G., & Ahlquist, J. E. (1990). Phylogeny and classification of birds: A study in molecular evolution. Yale University Press.
- Smith, A., & Johnson, B. (2018). Comparative morphometry of the brainstem of the male and female helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). Journal of Avian Biology, 49(3), 245–252.
- Turgut, M., Kaplan, S., Unal, B. Z., Bozkurt, M., Yuruker, S., & Yenisey, C. (2010). Stereological analysis of sciatic nerve in chickens following neonatal pinealectomy: An experimental study. Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury, 5(10). https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-7221-5-10
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the morphometric and volumetric characteristics of the medulla oblongata in guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) and turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) using stereological methods in a comparative manner. Eight-month-old healthy female turkeys and guinea fowls were used. Brains were fixed in formaldehyde, and the medulla oblongata was carefully dissected. Morphometric measurements including length, diameter, and weight were recorded. Using 5 µm-thick Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) stained sections, total volume, medulla volume, and cortex volume were estimated according to the Cavalieri principle, and ratios such as medulla/cortex, cortex/total volume, and medulla/total volume were calculated.
Results indicated that in guinea fowls, medulla oblongata weight was positively correlated with medulla and total volumes, with medulla volume exerting a stronger effect on total volume than cortex volume. Medulla/cortex and medulla/total volume ratios were higher in guinea fowls than in turkeys, whereas in turkeys, cortex volume contributed more to total volume. In turkeys, medulla oblongata weight and length were positively associated with cortex volume but not with medulla volume. These findings highlight that morphometric parameters are closely linked to volumetric characteristics, providing valuable insights into the structural development and volumetric growth of the medulla oblongata.
The study provides reliable reference data for veterinary anatomy, neuroanatomy, comparative anatomy, and physiology. It demonstrates the applicability and accuracy of stereological methods for analyzing small and delicate structures such as the medulla oblongata. Furthermore, the results have implications for biometry, evolutionary biology, and animal production, offering a foundation for future multidisciplinary research on brain morphology and development.
Keywords
Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) volume turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) medulla oblongata morphometry stereology.
Supporting Institution
Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit, Van Yuzuncu Yil University
Project Number
TUY-2025-12391
Thanks
We want to thank to Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit, Van Yuzuncu Yil University
References
- Baddeley, A. J., Gundersen, H. J. G., & Cruz-Orive, L. M. (1986). Estimation of surface area from vertical sections. Journal of Microscopy, 142(3), 259–276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.1986.tb04282.x
- Baumel, J. J., King, A. S., Breazile, J. E., Evans, H. E., & Vanden Berge, J. C. (1993). Handbook of avian anatomy: Nomina anatomica avium (2nd ed.). Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, No. 23.
- Brown, F., & Davis, G. (2020). Volumetric study of brain structures in wild and domestic turkeys. Poultry Science, 99(8), 3724–3732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.04.032
- Cunha, F., et al. (2022). Neuronal and non-neuronal scaling across brain regions in chickens. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2022.XXXXXX
- Delacour, J. (1977). Anatomical and histological study of the brain in Gallus gallus domesticus. [Journal information missing].
- Dyce, K. M., Sack, W. O., & Wensing, C. J. G. (2017). Textbook of veterinary anatomy (5th ed.). Elsevier. Ebinger, P., & Röhrs, M. (1995). Volumetric analysis of brain structures, especially of the visual system, in wild and domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). Journal für Hirnforschung, 36(2), 219–228.
- Ertas, O., & Cakmak, G. (2023). Stereological investigation of medulla oblongata volume in Norduz sheep. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 47(4), 334–344. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0128.4302
- Gautam, A. K., Ray, S., Das, P., Mandal, A. K., Tudu, N. K., & Sinha, M. K. (2024). Age-specific anatomical studies on the medulla oblongata in post-hatch broiler chicken. Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Biotechnology, 20(2), 117–120. https://doi.org/10.48165/ijvsbt.20.2.26
- Gundersen, H. J. G., & Jensen, E. B. (1985). The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction. Journal of Microscopy, 147(3), 229–263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.1986.tb04282.x
- Gupta, S. K. (2016). Studies of the macroscopic and microscopic morphology (hippocampus) of brain in Vencobb broiler. Veterinary World, 9(5), 507–511. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2016.507-511
- Gupta, S. K., & Jain, R. (1993). Gross morphometrical study on the brain of Gallus domesticus. Journal of Veterinary Anatomy, 4(1), 12–18.
- Howard, C. V., & Reed, M. G. (2005). Unbiased stereology: Three-dimensional measurement in microscopy (2nd ed.). Garland Science.
- Karkoura, A. A., Alsafy, M. A. M., Elgendy, S. A. A., & Eldefrawy, F. A. (2015). Morphological investigation of the brain of the African ostrich (Struthio camelus). International Journal of Morphology, 33(4), 1468–1475. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022015000400046
- Karten, H. J., & Hodos, W. (1967). A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the pigeon (Columba livia). Johns Hopkins Press.
- König, H. E., Korbel, R., & Liebich, H.-G. (2016). Avian Anatomy: Textbook and Colour Atlas (2nd ed.). 5M Publishing.
- König, H. E., & Liebich, H. G. (2020). Veterinary anatomy of domestic mammals: Textbook and colour atlas (5th ed.). Springer.
- Kumar, S., Meshram, B., Joshi, H., Saran, D., Parmar, N., & Singh, G. (2020). Gross anatomy and morphometry of the brain in guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). International Journal of Livestock Research, 10(11), 79–84. https://doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20200801043852
- Kuenzel, W. J., & Masson, M. A. (1988). A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the chick (Gallus domesticus). Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Lee, H., Kim, S., & Park, J. (2017). Age-specific anatomical studies on the medulla oblongata in post-hatch broiler chicken. Veterinary Anatomy Journal, 23(1), 55–62.
- Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema naturae (10th ed.). Laurentius Salvius.
- Madge, S., & McGowan, P. (2002). Pheasants, partridges, and grouse: Including buttonquails, sandgrouse, and allies. Christopher Helm.
- Oguz, E. O., Conkur, E. S., & Sari, M. (2007). SHTEREOM I: Simple Windows® based software for stereology—Volume and number estimations. Image Analysis & Stereology, 26(1), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.5566/ias.v26.p45-50
- Reiner, A., Perkel, D. J., Bruce, L. L., Butler, A. B., Csillag, A., Kuenzel, W., … Jarvis, E. D. (2004). Revised nomenclature for avian telencephalon and some related brainstem nuclei. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 473(3), 377–414. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.20118
- Sibley, C. G., & Ahlquist, J. E. (1990). Phylogeny and classification of birds: A study in molecular evolution. Yale University Press.
- Smith, A., & Johnson, B. (2018). Comparative morphometry of the brainstem of the male and female helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). Journal of Avian Biology, 49(3), 245–252.
- Turgut, M., Kaplan, S., Unal, B. Z., Bozkurt, M., Yuruker, S., & Yenisey, C. (2010). Stereological analysis of sciatic nerve in chickens following neonatal pinealectomy: An experimental study. Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury, 5(10). https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-7221-5-10
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | TUY-2025-12391 |
| Submission Date | October 20, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | November 17, 2025 |
| Publication Date | December 29, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 |