Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Kırıkkale Bölgesi'ndeki perakende marketlerden toplanan çeşitli pastörize süt örneklerinde Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. enterocolitica) varlığının ve serotiplerinin klasik izolasyon ve identifikasyon yöntemi ile araştırılması planlanmıştır. Çalışmada izolasyon için pastörize süt örnekleri alınmış; aseptik olarak, 25 g numune 225 ml Peptone Sorbitol Bile Buyyon'a (PSBB) ilave edildi. 30 saniye homojenize edildi ve 10 °C'de 10 gün inkübe edildi.
10. günde zenginleştirme sıvısı inkübatörden çıkarıldı ve iyice karıştırıldı. Zenginleştirme sıvısından %0,5 salin içinde 0,1 ml %0,5 KOH'a aktarıldı ve 2-3 saniye karıştırıldı. Buradan bir öze Mac Conkey Agar'a ve bir öze CIN Agar'a ekim yapıldı. 1 günlük inkübasyonun ardından petriler incelendi. Tanımlama için tüm kenarları berrak, renksiz bölge ile çevrelenmiş, keskin kenarlı koyu kırmızı merkeze sahip küçük (1-2 mm çapında) koloniler seçildi. İnkübasyondan sonra karakteristik özellikler gösteren koloniler, hızlı tanımlama sistemi (BBL, Crystal) ile identifiye edildi. İncelenen pastörize süt örneklerinden 100 tanesinde Y. enterocolitica izole edilemezken, 6 örnekte maya ve örnekte Shigella spp. numunelerden birinde tespit edilmiştir.
Çalışmamızda Yersinia spp. izole edilememesinin nedeni, pastörizasyon işleminin Yersinia spp. üremesini engellemesi, ancak Shigella spp. üremesini engellememesi olabilir. Daha fazla numune ile çalışmanın izolasyon oranını artırabileceği ve önemli enfeksiyon kaynakları olan Y. enterocolitica ve Shigella spp.'nin pastörize sütte araştırılması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
References
- Ackers ML, Schoenfeld S, MarkmanJ, Smith G, Nicholson MA, DeWitt W, Cameron DN, Griffin PM, Slutsker L (2000) An outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 infections associated with pasteurized milk. J Infect Dis 181(5):1834-7 https://doi.org/10.1086/315436
- Ahmed, HA, Tahoun ABMB, Abou Elez RMM, Abd El-Han-mid MI, Abd Ellatif SS (2018) Prevalance of Yersinia enterocolitica in milk and dairy products and the effects of storage temperatures on survival and virulence gene expression. Int Dairy J 94 (2019): 16-21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.02.010
- Asakawa Y, Akahane S, Shiozawa K, Honma T (1979) Investigations of source and route of Yersinia enterocolitica infection. Cont Microbiol Immunol 5:115-121.
- Butler T (2000) Yersinia species, including plague. Churchill Livingstone, New York.
- Demirci M, Yiğin A, Altun SK, Uysal HK, Sarıbaş S, Kocazeybek BS (2022) Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. detection via Multiplex Real-Time PCR and discrimination via Maldi-Tof MS in different animal raw milk samples. Niger J Clin Pract 22(8): 1083-1090 https://doi.org/ 10.4103/njcp.njcp_596_18.
- Emrullah S, Özer E (1996) Gıdalarda Yersinia enterocolitica ve Önemi YYÜ Vet Fak Derg 7(1-2): 117-120. Food and Drug Adsministration (FDA). 2017. BAM Chapter 8: Yersinia enterocolitica.
- Garcia-Fulguerias AG, Sanchez S, Guillen JJ, Marsilla B, Aladuena A, Navrro C (2001) A large outbreak of Shigella sonnei gastroenteritidis associated with consumption of fresh pasteurised milk cheese. Eur JEpidemiol 17(6): 533-538 https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1014504305666.
- Greenwood MH, Hooper WL (1985) Yersinia spp. in foods and related environments. Food Microbiol 2: 263-269.
- Gruber, JF, Morris S, Warren KA, Kline KE, Schroeder B, Dettinger L, Husband B, Pollard K, Davis C, Miller J, Weltman A, Mattioli M, Ray L, Tarr C, Longenberger AH (2021) Yersinia enterocolitica outbreak associated with pasteurized milk. Foodborne Pathog Dis 18(7): 448-454.
- Güven A, Sezer Ç, Aydın BD, Oral NB, Vatansever L (2010) Incidence and pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica isolates from foods in Türkiye. Kafkas Univi Vet Fak Derg. 16 (Suppl-A): S107-S112.
- Hamama A, El Marrakchi A, El Othmani (1992) Occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in milk and dairy products in Morocco. Int J Food Microbiol 16(1): 69-77 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(92)90127-o.
- Ibrahim RK, Hallaç B (2021) Occurence Of Salmonella And Shigella Species In Some Products Consumed In Qaladze Region. MAS J Appl Sci 6(1):106–123. https://doi.org/10.52520/masjaps.3
- Lee WH (1979) Testing for the Reeovery of Yersinia enterocolitica in foods and their abilitiy to invade HeLa Cells. Contrib Microbiol Immunol 5: 228-233.
- Longenberger AH, Gronostaj MP, Yee GY, Johnson LM, Lando JF, Voorhees RE, Waller K, Weltman AC, Moll M, Lyss SB, Cadwell BL, Gladney LM, Ostroff SM (2014) Yersinia enterocolitica infections associated with improperly pasteurized milk products: southwest Pennsylvania, March-August, 2011. Epidemiol Infect 142(8): 1640-1650 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268813002616.
- Maruyama L, Kaneko K, Ogawa M (1985) Ocurence of Yersinia enterocolitica in Wild-living Birds and Japenese Serows. Appl Environ Microbiol 49 (1): 198-200 https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.49.1.198-200.1985
- Momtaz H, Dehkordi FS, Taktaz T, Rezvani A, Yarali S (2012) Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitic milk: serogroups, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance properties. Sci World J 2012: 618709 https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/618709
- Morris GK, Feeley JC (1976) Yersinia enterocolitica: a review of its role in food hygiene. Bull World Health Organ 54(1): 79-85 https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/260900
- Rahimi E, Sepehri S, Dehkordi FS, Shaygan S, Momtaz H (2014) Prevalance of Yersinia species in traditional and commercial dairy products in Isfahan Province, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 7(4): e9249 https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm.9249
- Özbaş ZY, Aytaç SA (1992) Beyaz peynir ve pastörize sütlerden izole edilen virulant ve virulent olmayan Yersinia enterocolitica izolatlarının ayrımı. Gıda, 17(3): 197-202.
- Sağun E, Ergün Ö (1996) Gıdalarda Yersinia enterocolitica ve Önemi YYÜ Vet Fak Derg, 7(1-2): 117-120
- Schiemann DA (1987) Yersinia enterocolitica in milk and dairy products. J Dairy Sci, 70(2): 383-91 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(87)80021-8.
- Sdliemarın DA (1978) Association of Yersinia enterocolitica wiIh the manufacture of cheesa and occurenca in pasteurized milk. Appl Environ Microbiol, 36 (2): 274-277 https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.36.2.274-277.1978.
- Soyutemiz E, Çetinkaya F, Özakın C, Gedikoğlu S (2000) Çiğ sütlerde Yersinia enterocolitica varlığının araştırılması. Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg, 30(1-2): 30-34
- Tacket CO, Narain JP, Sattin R, Lofgren JP, Konigsberg JrC, Rendtorff RC, Rausa A, Davis BR, Cohen ML (1984) A multistate outbreak of infections caused by Yersinia enterocolitica transmitted by pasteurized milk. JAMA, 251(4): 483-486.
- Vidon DJ, Delmas CL (1982) Incidence of Yersinia enterocolitica in raw milk in eastern France. Appl Environ Microbiol. 41(2): 355-359 https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.41.2.355-359.1981
- Walker SJ, Gilmour A (1986) The incidence of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia enterocolitica like organizm in raw and pasteurized milk in Northern Ireland. J Appl Bacteriol 61(2): 133-138 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1986.tb04266.x.
- Zhang L, Wei Q, Han Q, Chen Q, Tai W, Zhang J, Song Y, Xia X (2018) Detection of Shigella in milk and clinical samples by Magnetic Immunocaptured-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay. Front Microbiol, 9(94): 1-7 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00094
Abstract
In this study, it was planned to investigate the presence and serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica (Y. enterocolitica) in various pasteurized milk samples, collected from retail markets in Kırıkkale region, using classical isolation and identification. Pasteurized milk samples were taken for isolation in the study; aseptically, 25 g of the sample was added to 225 ml of Peptone Sorbitol Bile Buyyon (PSBB). 30 s were homogenized and incubated at 10 ° C for 10 days.
On day 10, the enrichment water was removed from the incubator and thoroughly mixed. From the enrichment water, 0.1 ml in 0.5% saline was transferred to 0.5% KOH and stirred for 2-3 seconds. Decouple one loop to the Mac Conkey plate and one loop to the CIN plate successively. After 1 day of incubation, the CIN plates were examined. Small (1-2 mm in diameter) colonies with a sharp-edged dark red center, the entire edge of which is surrounded by a clear colorless zone, were selected for identification. Colonies showing characteristic features after incubation were identified by a rapid identification system (BBL, Crystal). Y. enterocolitica could not be isolated in 100 of the pasteurized milk samples that were examined, but yeast was detected in 6 milk samples and Shigella spp. were detected in one of the samples.
The reason why Yersinia spp. could not be isolated in our study, might be that the pasteurization process prevented the reproduction of Yersinia spp., but did not prevent the growth of Shigella spp. It is thought that working with a higher number of samples may increase the isolation rate, and Y. enterocolitica and Shigella spp., which are important sources of infection, should be examined in pasteurized milk.
References
- Ackers ML, Schoenfeld S, MarkmanJ, Smith G, Nicholson MA, DeWitt W, Cameron DN, Griffin PM, Slutsker L (2000) An outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 infections associated with pasteurized milk. J Infect Dis 181(5):1834-7 https://doi.org/10.1086/315436
- Ahmed, HA, Tahoun ABMB, Abou Elez RMM, Abd El-Han-mid MI, Abd Ellatif SS (2018) Prevalance of Yersinia enterocolitica in milk and dairy products and the effects of storage temperatures on survival and virulence gene expression. Int Dairy J 94 (2019): 16-21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.02.010
- Asakawa Y, Akahane S, Shiozawa K, Honma T (1979) Investigations of source and route of Yersinia enterocolitica infection. Cont Microbiol Immunol 5:115-121.
- Butler T (2000) Yersinia species, including plague. Churchill Livingstone, New York.
- Demirci M, Yiğin A, Altun SK, Uysal HK, Sarıbaş S, Kocazeybek BS (2022) Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. detection via Multiplex Real-Time PCR and discrimination via Maldi-Tof MS in different animal raw milk samples. Niger J Clin Pract 22(8): 1083-1090 https://doi.org/ 10.4103/njcp.njcp_596_18.
- Emrullah S, Özer E (1996) Gıdalarda Yersinia enterocolitica ve Önemi YYÜ Vet Fak Derg 7(1-2): 117-120. Food and Drug Adsministration (FDA). 2017. BAM Chapter 8: Yersinia enterocolitica.
- Garcia-Fulguerias AG, Sanchez S, Guillen JJ, Marsilla B, Aladuena A, Navrro C (2001) A large outbreak of Shigella sonnei gastroenteritidis associated with consumption of fresh pasteurised milk cheese. Eur JEpidemiol 17(6): 533-538 https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1014504305666.
- Greenwood MH, Hooper WL (1985) Yersinia spp. in foods and related environments. Food Microbiol 2: 263-269.
- Gruber, JF, Morris S, Warren KA, Kline KE, Schroeder B, Dettinger L, Husband B, Pollard K, Davis C, Miller J, Weltman A, Mattioli M, Ray L, Tarr C, Longenberger AH (2021) Yersinia enterocolitica outbreak associated with pasteurized milk. Foodborne Pathog Dis 18(7): 448-454.
- Güven A, Sezer Ç, Aydın BD, Oral NB, Vatansever L (2010) Incidence and pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica isolates from foods in Türkiye. Kafkas Univi Vet Fak Derg. 16 (Suppl-A): S107-S112.
- Hamama A, El Marrakchi A, El Othmani (1992) Occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in milk and dairy products in Morocco. Int J Food Microbiol 16(1): 69-77 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(92)90127-o.
- Ibrahim RK, Hallaç B (2021) Occurence Of Salmonella And Shigella Species In Some Products Consumed In Qaladze Region. MAS J Appl Sci 6(1):106–123. https://doi.org/10.52520/masjaps.3
- Lee WH (1979) Testing for the Reeovery of Yersinia enterocolitica in foods and their abilitiy to invade HeLa Cells. Contrib Microbiol Immunol 5: 228-233.
- Longenberger AH, Gronostaj MP, Yee GY, Johnson LM, Lando JF, Voorhees RE, Waller K, Weltman AC, Moll M, Lyss SB, Cadwell BL, Gladney LM, Ostroff SM (2014) Yersinia enterocolitica infections associated with improperly pasteurized milk products: southwest Pennsylvania, March-August, 2011. Epidemiol Infect 142(8): 1640-1650 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268813002616.
- Maruyama L, Kaneko K, Ogawa M (1985) Ocurence of Yersinia enterocolitica in Wild-living Birds and Japenese Serows. Appl Environ Microbiol 49 (1): 198-200 https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.49.1.198-200.1985
- Momtaz H, Dehkordi FS, Taktaz T, Rezvani A, Yarali S (2012) Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitic milk: serogroups, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance properties. Sci World J 2012: 618709 https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/618709
- Morris GK, Feeley JC (1976) Yersinia enterocolitica: a review of its role in food hygiene. Bull World Health Organ 54(1): 79-85 https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/260900
- Rahimi E, Sepehri S, Dehkordi FS, Shaygan S, Momtaz H (2014) Prevalance of Yersinia species in traditional and commercial dairy products in Isfahan Province, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 7(4): e9249 https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm.9249
- Özbaş ZY, Aytaç SA (1992) Beyaz peynir ve pastörize sütlerden izole edilen virulant ve virulent olmayan Yersinia enterocolitica izolatlarının ayrımı. Gıda, 17(3): 197-202.
- Sağun E, Ergün Ö (1996) Gıdalarda Yersinia enterocolitica ve Önemi YYÜ Vet Fak Derg, 7(1-2): 117-120
- Schiemann DA (1987) Yersinia enterocolitica in milk and dairy products. J Dairy Sci, 70(2): 383-91 https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(87)80021-8.
- Sdliemarın DA (1978) Association of Yersinia enterocolitica wiIh the manufacture of cheesa and occurenca in pasteurized milk. Appl Environ Microbiol, 36 (2): 274-277 https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.36.2.274-277.1978.
- Soyutemiz E, Çetinkaya F, Özakın C, Gedikoğlu S (2000) Çiğ sütlerde Yersinia enterocolitica varlığının araştırılması. Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg, 30(1-2): 30-34
- Tacket CO, Narain JP, Sattin R, Lofgren JP, Konigsberg JrC, Rendtorff RC, Rausa A, Davis BR, Cohen ML (1984) A multistate outbreak of infections caused by Yersinia enterocolitica transmitted by pasteurized milk. JAMA, 251(4): 483-486.
- Vidon DJ, Delmas CL (1982) Incidence of Yersinia enterocolitica in raw milk in eastern France. Appl Environ Microbiol. 41(2): 355-359 https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.41.2.355-359.1981
- Walker SJ, Gilmour A (1986) The incidence of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia enterocolitica like organizm in raw and pasteurized milk in Northern Ireland. J Appl Bacteriol 61(2): 133-138 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1986.tb04266.x.
- Zhang L, Wei Q, Han Q, Chen Q, Tai W, Zhang J, Song Y, Xia X (2018) Detection of Shigella in milk and clinical samples by Magnetic Immunocaptured-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay. Front Microbiol, 9(94): 1-7 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00094
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | January 7, 2023 |
| Publication Date | January 11, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022Volume: 4 Issue: 2 |
