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Feline İnfeksiyöz Peritonitise Genel Bakış ve Antiviral Yaklaşımlar

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 4 - 12, 03.09.2021

Hanne Nur Kuruçay , Semra Gümüşova

https://doi.org/10.51755/turkvetj.721722
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Feline Enfeksiyöz peritonitis (FIP) kedilerde coronavirusların sebep olduğu bir enfeksiyondur. Virusun iki serotipi iki biyotipi tanımlanmıştır. Dünya çapında baskın olan serotipi FCoV-1 dir. FIP tüm dünyadaki kedilerde görülen enterik coronavirusdaki spesifik mutasyonlarla ortaya çıkar. Kalabalık ortamlarda barındırılan hayvanlarda hastalığın görülme riski artar. Efüziv formun tanısı non efüziv forma göre daha kolaydır ancak yine de hastalığın kesin teşhisi zordur. Etkili antiviral çalışmaları hala devam etmektedir

Keywords

Feline Enfeksiyöz Peritonit Tanı Antiviral Yaklaşım

References

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  • Addie DD, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann K, Hosie MJ, Lloret A, Lutz H. (2009) Feline infectious peritonitis. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg 11:594–604.
  • Addie DD, McDonald M, Audhuy S, Burr P, Hollins J, Kovacic R, Lutz H, Luxton Z, Mazar S, Meli ML. (2012) Quarantine protects Falkland Islands (Malvinas) cats from feline coronavirus infection. J Feline Med Surg 14:171–176.
  • Amer A, Siti Suri A, Abdul Rahman O, Mohd HB, Faruku B, Saeed S, TengkuAzmi TI.(2012)Isolation and molecular characterization of type I and type II feline coronavirus in Malaysia. Virology J. 9, 278.
  • An DJ, Jeoung HY, Jeong W, Park JY, Lee MH, Park BK.(2011) Prevalence of Korean cats with natural feline coronavirus infections. Virology J. 8, 455.
  • Aytuğ N. (2008) Kedi Enfeksiyonları 1: Zorlayan Tanı,Kedilerin Enfeksiyöz Peritonitisi Uludag Univ. J. Fac. Vet. Med. 27;1-2: 11-17.
  • Can-Sahna K, Soydal Ataseven V, Pinar D, Oğuzoğlu TC. (2007) The detection of feline coronaviruses in blood samples from cats by mRNART-PCR. J Feline Med Surg 9, 369–372.
  • Cenedella RJ. (2009) Cholesterol synthesis inhibitor U18666A and the role of sterol metabolism and trafficking in numerous pathophysiological processes. Lipids.;44, 477-487.
  • Cenedella RJ, Jacob R, Borchman D, Tang D, Neely AR, Samadi A, Mason RP, Sexton P. (2004) Direct perturbation of lens membrane structure may contribute to cataracts caused by U18666A, an oxidosqualene cyclase inhibitor. J. Lipid Res.; 45, 1232-1241.
  • Chang HW, Groot RJ, Egberink HF, Rottier PJ. (2010) Feline infectious peritonitis: Insights into feline coronavirus pathobiogenesis and epidemiology based on genetic analysis of the viral 3c gene. J Gen Virol 91, 415–420.
  • Cho A, Saunders OL, Butler T, Zhang L, Xu J, Vela JE, Feng JY, Ray AS, Kim CU. (2012) Synthesis and antiviral activity of a series of 1’-substituted 4-aza-7,9 dideazaadenosine C-nucleosides. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. ;22, 2705–2707.
  • De Clercq E, Li G. (2016) Approved antiviral drugs over the past 50 years. Clin Microbiol Rev ; 29: 695–747.
  • Doki T, Takano T, Kawagoe K, Kito A, Hohdatsu T.(2016) Therapeutic effect of anti-feline TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody for feline infectious peritonitis. Research in Veterinary Science 104; 17–23.
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  • Kim Y, Liu H, Galasiti Kankanamalage AC, Weerasekara S, Hua DH,Groutas WC, Chang KO, Pedersen NC.(2016) Reversal of the progression of fatal coronavirus infection in cats by a broad- spectrum coronavirus protease inhibitor. PLoS Pathogens ; 12.
  • Kim Y, Lovell S, Tiew KC, Mandadapu SR, Alliston KR, Battaile KP, Groutas WC, Chang KO. (2012) Broad-spectrum antivirals against 3C or 3C-like proteases of picornaviruses, norovi-ruses, and coronaviruses. J Virol 86: 11754–11762.
  • Kim Y, Mandadapu SR, Groutas WC, Chang KO. (2013) Potent inhibition of feline coronaviruses with peptidyl compounds targeting coronavirus 3C-like protease. Antiviral Res 97: 161–168.
  • Kipar A, Meli ML, Baptiste KE, Bowker LJ, Lutz H. (2010) Sites of feline coronavirus persistence in healthy cats. J Gen Virol 91, 1698–1707.
  • Ko DC, Gordon MD, Jin JY, Scott MP. (2001) Dynamic movements of organelles containing Niemann-Pick C1 protein: NPC1 involvement in late endocytic events. Mol. Biol. Cell.;12, 601-614.
  • Legendre AM, Bartges JW. (2009) Effect of polyprenyl immunostimulant on the survival times of three cats with the dry form of feline infectious peritonitis. J Feline Med Surg 11, 624–626.
  • Lewis JS 2nd, Terrif CM, Coulston DR, Garrison MW. (1997) Protease inhibitors: a therapeutic breakthrough for the treatment of patients with human immun-odeficiency virus. Clin. Ther.; 19, 187–214.
  • Li X, Scott FW. (1994) Detection of feline coronaviruses in cell cultures and in fresh and fixed feline tissues using polymerase chain reaction. Vet Microbiol. 42, 65–77.
  • Litster AL, Pogranichniy R, Lin TL. (2013) Diagnosticutility of a direct immunofluorescence test to detect feline coronavirus antigen in macrophages in effusive feline infectious peritonitis. The Veterinary Journal 198, 362– 366.
  • McKinsey DS, Wheat LJ, Cloud GA, Pierce M, Black JR, Bamberger DM, Goldman M, Thomas CJ, Gutsch HM, Moskovitz B, Dismukes WE, Kauffman CA. (1999) Itraconazole prophylaxis for fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodefciency virus infection: randomized, placebo‑controlled, double‑blind study. Clin Infect Dis.; 28:1049–1056.
  • Murphy BG, Perron M, Murakami E, Bauer K,Park Y,Eckstrand M,Pedersen NC.(2018) The nucleoside analog GS-441524 strongly inhibits feline infectious peri-tonitis (FIP) virus in tissue culture and experimental cat infection studies. Vet Microbiol.; 219: 226–233.
  • Pedersen NC, Kim Y, Liu H, Galasiti Kankanamalage AC, Eckstrand C, Groutas WC, Bannasch M, Meadows JM, Chang K. (2018) Efficacy of a 3C-like protease inhibitor in treating various forms of acquired feline infectious peritonitis. J Feline Med Surg Vol. 20(4) 378 –392.
  • Pedersen NC, Perron M, Bannasch M, Montgomery E, Murakami E, Liepnieks M, Liu H. (2019) Efficacy and safety of the nucleoside analog GS-441524 for treatment of cats with naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis. J Feline Med Surg 1 –11.
  • Pedersen NC. (2009) A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection: J Feline Med Surg 11, 225–258.
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  • Pedersen NC, Allen CE, Lyons LA. (2008) Pathogenesis of feline enteric coronavirus infection. J Feline Med Surg 10, 529–541.
  • Pedersen NC, Black JW. (1983) Attempted immunization of cats against feline infectious peritonitis, using avirulent live virus or sublethal amounts of virulent virus. Am J Vet Res 44, 229–234.
  • Pedersen NC, Liu H, Dodd KA, Pesavento PA. (2009) Significance of coronavirus mutants in feces and diseased tissues of cats suffering from feline infectious peritonitis. Viruses. 1, 166–184.
  • Pedersen NC, Liu H, Scarlett J, Leutenegger CM, Golovko L, Kennedy H, Kamal FM. (2012) Feline infectious peritonitis: Role of the feline coronavirus 3c gene in intestinal tropism and pathogenicity based upon isolates from resident and adopted shelter cats. Virus Res 165, 17–28.
  • Pedersen NC, Sato R, Foley JE, Poland AM. (2004) Common virus infections in cats, before and after being placed in shelters, with emphasis on feline enteric coronavirus. J Feline Med Surg 6, 83–88.
  • Pfefferle S , Schöpf J, Kögl M, Friedel CC, Müller MA, Carbajo-Lozoya J, Stellberger T, von Dall’Armi E, Herzog P, Kallies S, Niemeyer D, Ditt V, Kuri T, Züst R, Pumpor K, Hilgenfeld R, Schwarz F, Zimmer R, Steffen I, Weber F, Thiel V, Herrler G, Thiel HJ, Schwegmann-Wessels C, Pöhlmann S, Haas J, Drosten C, von Brunn A. (2011) The SARS-coronavirus-host interactome: Identification of cyclophillins as target for pan- coronavirus inhibitors. PLoS Pathogens; 10-1002331.
  • Porter E, Tasker S, Day MJ, Harley R, Kipar A, Siddell SG, Helps CR. (2014) Aminonoacid changes in the spike protein of feline coronavirus correlate with systemic spread of virus from the intestine and not with feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Res. 45, 49.
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  • Saag MS, Dismukes WE. (1988) Azole antifungal agents: emphasis on new triazoles. J Antimicrob Chemother 32:1–8.
  • Sharif S, Arshad SS, Hair-Bejo M, Omar AR, Zeenathul, NA, Alazawy A. (2010) Diagnostic methods for feline coronavirus: A review. Veterinary Medicine International. https://doi.org/10.4061/2010/809480
  • Simons FA, Vennema H, Rofina JE, Po JM, Horzinek MC, Rottier PJ, Egberink HF. A (2005) mRNA PCR for the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis. J Virol Methods. 124, 111–116.
  • Takano T, Akiyama M, Doki T, Hohdatsu T. (2019) Antiviral activity of itraconazole against type I feline coronavirus infection. Antiviral Research. 50(1), 5.
  • Takano T, Hohdatsu T, Hashida Y, Kaneko Y, Tanabe M, Koyama H. (2007a) .A“possi-ble”involvement of TNF-alpha in apoptosis induction in peripheral blood lympho-cytes of cats with feline infectious peritonitis. Vet. Microbiol. 119, 121–131.
  • Takano T, Hohdatsu T, Toda A, Tanabe M, Koyama H.(2007b) TNF-alpha, produced by feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)-infected macrophages, upregulates expres-sion of type II FIPV receptor feline aminopeptidase N in feline macrophages. Virology 364, 64–72.
  • Takano T, Katoh Y, Doki T, Hohdatsu T. (2013b) Effect of chloroquine on feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res. 99, 100–107.
  • Takano T, Satomi Y, Oyama Y, Doki T, Hohdatsu T. (2016) Differential effect of cholesterol on type I and II feline coronavirus infection. Arch. Virol. 161, 125-133.
  • Takano T, Endoh M, Fukatsu H, Sakurada H, Doki T, Hohdatsu T. (2017) The cholesterol transport inhibitör U18666A inhibits type I feline coronavirus infection Antiviral Res. 145: 96-102.
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Overview and Antiviral Approaches of Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 4 - 12, 03.09.2021

Hanne Nur Kuruçay , Semra Gümüşova

https://doi.org/10.51755/turkvetj.721722
Cited By: 2

Abstract

References

  • Addie DD, Schaap IAT, Nicolson L, Jarrett O. (2003) Persistence and transmission of natural type I feline coronavirus infection. J Gen Virol 84:2735–2744.
  • Addie DD, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann K, Hosie MJ, Lloret A, Lutz H. (2009) Feline infectious peritonitis. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg 11:594–604.
  • Addie DD, McDonald M, Audhuy S, Burr P, Hollins J, Kovacic R, Lutz H, Luxton Z, Mazar S, Meli ML. (2012) Quarantine protects Falkland Islands (Malvinas) cats from feline coronavirus infection. J Feline Med Surg 14:171–176.
  • Amer A, Siti Suri A, Abdul Rahman O, Mohd HB, Faruku B, Saeed S, TengkuAzmi TI.(2012)Isolation and molecular characterization of type I and type II feline coronavirus in Malaysia. Virology J. 9, 278.
  • An DJ, Jeoung HY, Jeong W, Park JY, Lee MH, Park BK.(2011) Prevalence of Korean cats with natural feline coronavirus infections. Virology J. 8, 455.
  • Aytuğ N. (2008) Kedi Enfeksiyonları 1: Zorlayan Tanı,Kedilerin Enfeksiyöz Peritonitisi Uludag Univ. J. Fac. Vet. Med. 27;1-2: 11-17.
  • Can-Sahna K, Soydal Ataseven V, Pinar D, Oğuzoğlu TC. (2007) The detection of feline coronaviruses in blood samples from cats by mRNART-PCR. J Feline Med Surg 9, 369–372.
  • Cenedella RJ. (2009) Cholesterol synthesis inhibitor U18666A and the role of sterol metabolism and trafficking in numerous pathophysiological processes. Lipids.;44, 477-487.
  • Cenedella RJ, Jacob R, Borchman D, Tang D, Neely AR, Samadi A, Mason RP, Sexton P. (2004) Direct perturbation of lens membrane structure may contribute to cataracts caused by U18666A, an oxidosqualene cyclase inhibitor. J. Lipid Res.; 45, 1232-1241.
  • Chang HW, Groot RJ, Egberink HF, Rottier PJ. (2010) Feline infectious peritonitis: Insights into feline coronavirus pathobiogenesis and epidemiology based on genetic analysis of the viral 3c gene. J Gen Virol 91, 415–420.
  • Cho A, Saunders OL, Butler T, Zhang L, Xu J, Vela JE, Feng JY, Ray AS, Kim CU. (2012) Synthesis and antiviral activity of a series of 1’-substituted 4-aza-7,9 dideazaadenosine C-nucleosides. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. ;22, 2705–2707.
  • De Clercq E, Li G. (2016) Approved antiviral drugs over the past 50 years. Clin Microbiol Rev ; 29: 695–747.
  • Doki T, Takano T, Kawagoe K, Kito A, Hohdatsu T.(2016) Therapeutic effect of anti-feline TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody for feline infectious peritonitis. Research in Veterinary Science 104; 17–23.
  • Drechsler Y, Alcaraz A, Bossong FJ, Collisson EW, Diniz PP. (2011) Feline coronavirus in multicat environments. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice. 41, 1133–1169.
  • Duthie S, Eckersall PD, Addie DD, Lawrence CE, Jarrett O. (1997) Value of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Rec 141, 299–303. Fenner’s Veterinary Virology Fifth Edition. (2017) Doi: http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800946-8.00001-5©Elsevier Inc.
  • Fischer Y, Sauter-Louis C, Hartmann K. (2012) Diagnostic accuracy of the Rivalta test for feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Clin Path 41, 558–567.
  • Gamble DA, Lobbiani A, Gramegna M, Moore LE, Colucci G. (1997) Development of a nested PCR assay for detection of feline infectious peritonitis virus in clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 35, 673–675.
  • Hartmann K, Binder C, Hirschberger J, Cole D, Reinacher M, Schroo S, Frost J, Egberink H, Lutz H, Hermanns W. (2003) Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis. J Vet Intern Med. 17, 781–790.
  • Hartmann K, Ritz S, (2008). Treatment of cats with feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Immunol Immunop 123, 172–175
  • Herrewegh AA, de Groot RJ, Cepica A, Egberink HF, Horzinek MC, Rottier PJ. (1995) Detection of feline coronavirus RNA in feces, tissues, and bodyfluids of naturally infected cats by reverse transcriptase PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 33, 684–689.
  • Hseih LE, Lin CN, Su BL, Jan TR, Chen CM, Wang CH, Lin DS, Lin CT, Chueh LL. (2010) Synergistic antiviral effect ofGalanthus nivalisagglutinin and nelfinavir against feline coronavirus. Antiviral Res. ;88, 25–30.
  • Kaldor SW, Kalish VJ, Davie JF 2nd, Shetty BV, Fritz JE, Appelt K, Burgess JA, Campanale KM, Chirgadze NY, Clawson DK, Dressman BA, Hatch SD, Khalil DA, Kosa MB, Lubbehusen PP, Muesing MA, Patick AK, Reich SH, Su KS, Tatlock JH. (1997) Viracept (nelfinavir mesylate, AG1343): a potent, orally bioavailable inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. J. Med. Chem. ; 40, 3979–3985.
  • Kim Y, Liu H, Galasiti Kankanamalage AC, Weerasekara S, Hua DH,Groutas WC, Chang KO, Pedersen NC.(2016) Reversal of the progression of fatal coronavirus infection in cats by a broad- spectrum coronavirus protease inhibitor. PLoS Pathogens ; 12.
  • Kim Y, Lovell S, Tiew KC, Mandadapu SR, Alliston KR, Battaile KP, Groutas WC, Chang KO. (2012) Broad-spectrum antivirals against 3C or 3C-like proteases of picornaviruses, norovi-ruses, and coronaviruses. J Virol 86: 11754–11762.
  • Kim Y, Mandadapu SR, Groutas WC, Chang KO. (2013) Potent inhibition of feline coronaviruses with peptidyl compounds targeting coronavirus 3C-like protease. Antiviral Res 97: 161–168.
  • Kipar A, Meli ML, Baptiste KE, Bowker LJ, Lutz H. (2010) Sites of feline coronavirus persistence in healthy cats. J Gen Virol 91, 1698–1707.
  • Ko DC, Gordon MD, Jin JY, Scott MP. (2001) Dynamic movements of organelles containing Niemann-Pick C1 protein: NPC1 involvement in late endocytic events. Mol. Biol. Cell.;12, 601-614.
  • Legendre AM, Bartges JW. (2009) Effect of polyprenyl immunostimulant on the survival times of three cats with the dry form of feline infectious peritonitis. J Feline Med Surg 11, 624–626.
  • Lewis JS 2nd, Terrif CM, Coulston DR, Garrison MW. (1997) Protease inhibitors: a therapeutic breakthrough for the treatment of patients with human immun-odeficiency virus. Clin. Ther.; 19, 187–214.
  • Li X, Scott FW. (1994) Detection of feline coronaviruses in cell cultures and in fresh and fixed feline tissues using polymerase chain reaction. Vet Microbiol. 42, 65–77.
  • Litster AL, Pogranichniy R, Lin TL. (2013) Diagnosticutility of a direct immunofluorescence test to detect feline coronavirus antigen in macrophages in effusive feline infectious peritonitis. The Veterinary Journal 198, 362– 366.
  • McKinsey DS, Wheat LJ, Cloud GA, Pierce M, Black JR, Bamberger DM, Goldman M, Thomas CJ, Gutsch HM, Moskovitz B, Dismukes WE, Kauffman CA. (1999) Itraconazole prophylaxis for fungal infections in patients with advanced human immunodefciency virus infection: randomized, placebo‑controlled, double‑blind study. Clin Infect Dis.; 28:1049–1056.
  • Murphy BG, Perron M, Murakami E, Bauer K,Park Y,Eckstrand M,Pedersen NC.(2018) The nucleoside analog GS-441524 strongly inhibits feline infectious peri-tonitis (FIP) virus in tissue culture and experimental cat infection studies. Vet Microbiol.; 219: 226–233.
  • Pedersen NC, Kim Y, Liu H, Galasiti Kankanamalage AC, Eckstrand C, Groutas WC, Bannasch M, Meadows JM, Chang K. (2018) Efficacy of a 3C-like protease inhibitor in treating various forms of acquired feline infectious peritonitis. J Feline Med Surg Vol. 20(4) 378 –392.
  • Pedersen NC, Perron M, Bannasch M, Montgomery E, Murakami E, Liepnieks M, Liu H. (2019) Efficacy and safety of the nucleoside analog GS-441524 for treatment of cats with naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis. J Feline Med Surg 1 –11.
  • Pedersen NC. (2009) A review of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection: J Feline Med Surg 11, 225–258.
  • Pedersen NC. (2014) An update on feline infectious peritonitis: Virology and immunopathogenesis. Vet. J 201, 123-132.
  • Pedersen NC, Allen CE, Lyons LA. (2008) Pathogenesis of feline enteric coronavirus infection. J Feline Med Surg 10, 529–541.
  • Pedersen NC, Black JW. (1983) Attempted immunization of cats against feline infectious peritonitis, using avirulent live virus or sublethal amounts of virulent virus. Am J Vet Res 44, 229–234.
  • Pedersen NC, Liu H, Dodd KA, Pesavento PA. (2009) Significance of coronavirus mutants in feces and diseased tissues of cats suffering from feline infectious peritonitis. Viruses. 1, 166–184.
  • Pedersen NC, Liu H, Scarlett J, Leutenegger CM, Golovko L, Kennedy H, Kamal FM. (2012) Feline infectious peritonitis: Role of the feline coronavirus 3c gene in intestinal tropism and pathogenicity based upon isolates from resident and adopted shelter cats. Virus Res 165, 17–28.
  • Pedersen NC, Sato R, Foley JE, Poland AM. (2004) Common virus infections in cats, before and after being placed in shelters, with emphasis on feline enteric coronavirus. J Feline Med Surg 6, 83–88.
  • Pfefferle S , Schöpf J, Kögl M, Friedel CC, Müller MA, Carbajo-Lozoya J, Stellberger T, von Dall’Armi E, Herzog P, Kallies S, Niemeyer D, Ditt V, Kuri T, Züst R, Pumpor K, Hilgenfeld R, Schwarz F, Zimmer R, Steffen I, Weber F, Thiel V, Herrler G, Thiel HJ, Schwegmann-Wessels C, Pöhlmann S, Haas J, Drosten C, von Brunn A. (2011) The SARS-coronavirus-host interactome: Identification of cyclophillins as target for pan- coronavirus inhibitors. PLoS Pathogens; 10-1002331.
  • Porter E, Tasker S, Day MJ, Harley R, Kipar A, Siddell SG, Helps CR. (2014) Aminonoacid changes in the spike protein of feline coronavirus correlate with systemic spread of virus from the intestine and not with feline infectious peritonitis. Vet Res. 45, 49.
  • Reinhard C, Shamoon B, Shyamala V, Williams LT. (1997) Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase is mediated by TRAF2. EMBO J 16, 1080–1092.
  • Saag MS, Dismukes WE. (1988) Azole antifungal agents: emphasis on new triazoles. J Antimicrob Chemother 32:1–8.
  • Sharif S, Arshad SS, Hair-Bejo M, Omar AR, Zeenathul, NA, Alazawy A. (2010) Diagnostic methods for feline coronavirus: A review. Veterinary Medicine International. https://doi.org/10.4061/2010/809480
  • Simons FA, Vennema H, Rofina JE, Po JM, Horzinek MC, Rottier PJ, Egberink HF. A (2005) mRNA PCR for the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis. J Virol Methods. 124, 111–116.
  • Takano T, Akiyama M, Doki T, Hohdatsu T. (2019) Antiviral activity of itraconazole against type I feline coronavirus infection. Antiviral Research. 50(1), 5.
  • Takano T, Hohdatsu T, Hashida Y, Kaneko Y, Tanabe M, Koyama H. (2007a) .A“possi-ble”involvement of TNF-alpha in apoptosis induction in peripheral blood lympho-cytes of cats with feline infectious peritonitis. Vet. Microbiol. 119, 121–131.
  • Takano T, Hohdatsu T, Toda A, Tanabe M, Koyama H.(2007b) TNF-alpha, produced by feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)-infected macrophages, upregulates expres-sion of type II FIPV receptor feline aminopeptidase N in feline macrophages. Virology 364, 64–72.
  • Takano T, Katoh Y, Doki T, Hohdatsu T. (2013b) Effect of chloroquine on feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res. 99, 100–107.
  • Takano T, Satomi Y, Oyama Y, Doki T, Hohdatsu T. (2016) Differential effect of cholesterol on type I and II feline coronavirus infection. Arch. Virol. 161, 125-133.
  • Takano T, Endoh M, Fukatsu H, Sakurada H, Doki T, Hohdatsu T. (2017) The cholesterol transport inhibitör U18666A inhibits type I feline coronavirus infection Antiviral Res. 145: 96-102.
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There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Review
Authors

Hanne Nur Kuruçay 0000-0001-5157-2090

Semra Gümüşova 0000-0001-8574-521X

Publication Date September 3, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kuruçay, H. N., & Gümüşova, S. (2021). Feline İnfeksiyöz Peritonitise Genel Bakış ve Antiviral Yaklaşımlar. Turkish Veterinary Journal, 3(1), 4-12. https://doi.org/10.51755/turkvetj.721722

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