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Biochemical Laboratory Findings on COVID-19 Patients: Pathogen-Disease Relationship

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 69 - 76, 28.12.2022

Aysel Güven Ertugrul Allahverdi Tülay Allahverdi Meriç Çolak

https://doi.org/10.46239/ejbcs.1114089

Abstract

The COVID-19 process, which started in Wuhan, China, is one of the most significant viral diseases characterized by high mortality and catching millions of people around the world since it appears. In this study, a total of 189 patients, 85 outpatients, and 104 inpatients were diagnosed with COVID-19 with positive PCR tests examined, admitted to the COVID 1-2-3 services of the Faculty of Medicine of Kafkas University between November 1 and November 16, 2020, has been examined. The relationship between laboratory findings and pathogen disease in the diagnosis, treatment and course of the disease has been tried to be revealed. The majority of patients with fever, reflux diabetes and tumours are over the age of 65 (61.7%), and 68 (36.2%) of them are women and 120 (63.8%) are men. Demographic characteristics of the patients, biochemical parameters such as serum ferritin, iron, troponin T, D-dimer levels, and hemogram and coagulation results were evaluated. Findings will contribute to clinicians and biochemists about the prognosis and mortality of COVID-19, its course in some other diseases, and the ways to be followed in treatment.

Keywords

COVID-19 biochemical parameters chronic diseases

References

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  • Güven A, Kaya N. 2005. Determination of Reducte Glutathione(GSH), Glutathione S-Transferase(GST) and Selenium(Se) Levels in Goose Liver Cells with Damage Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) and Ethanol (C2H5OH). Turk. J Vet Anim Sci, 29: 1233-1238.
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  • Kappert K, Jahić A, & Tauber R. 2020. Assessment of serum ferritin as a biomarker in COVID-19: bystander or participant? Insights by comparison with other infectious and non-infectious diseases, Biomarkers. 25:8, 616-625.DOI: 10.1080/1354750X.2020.1797880
  • Kurz T, Gustafsson B, Brunk UT. 2011. Cell sensitivity to oxidative stress is influenced by ferritin autophagy. Free radical biology & medicine. 50 (11):1647–1658.
  • Lan J. Ge J, Yu J, et al. 2020. Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Bound to the ACE2 Receptor. Nature. 581:1−6.
  • Liu Y, Gayle AA, Wilder-Smith A, Rocklöv J. 2020. The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus. Journal of Travel Medicine.13 27(2):1-9.
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  • Mac-Lachlan NJ, Dubovi EJ. Coronaviridae. 2017. Chapter 24, Fenner’s Veterinary Virology. 5th ed., 435-461. Academic Press, London, UK., doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800946- 8.00024-6.
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  • Kuno T, Takahashi M, Obata R, Maeda T. 2020. Cardiovascular Comorbidities, Cardiac Injury, and Prognosis of COVID-19 in New York City. Am Heart J. 226:24-5.
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  • Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, Jiang L, Song J. 2020. Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Medicine. 46 (5):846–848.
  • Ruddell RG, et al. 2009. Ferritin functions as a proinflammatory cytokine via iron-independent protein kinase C zeta/nuclear factor kappaB-regulated signaling in rat hepatic stellate cells. Hepatology. 49(3):887–900.
  • Shoenfeld Y. 2020. Corona (COVID-19) time musings: our involvement in COVID-19 pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and vaccine planning. Autoimmunity reviews. 19 (6):102538.
  • Sun, Y., Wang L, Xie H, Li B, Chang C, Wang FS. 2020. Characteristics and prognostic factors of disease severity in patients with COVID-19: The Beijing experience. Journal of autoimmunity. 112,102473. Thell, EC. 2003. Ferritin:At the Crossrods of Iron and Oxygen Metabolism, The Journal of Nutrition, (133):5, 1549-1553. https://doi.org/10.1093
  • Thomas L, Thomas C. 2017. Detection of iron restriction in anaemic and non-anaemic patients: new diagnostic approaches. European Journal of Haematology. 99(3): 262–268.
  • Wang M, Lan M, Coffman G, Torti FM, Torit SV. 2010. Serum ferritin: past, present and future. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1800 (8);760–769.
  • Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. 2020. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020; 323. 1061–69.
  • Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C. 2020. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 8:420–2.
  • Yılmaz N, Eren E. 2020. Covid-19's passion for iron and fear of oxygen: Perhaps covid- 19 craves the atmospheric environment in ancient times. HDL and Oncology. 1-5
  • Zubieta-Calleja G, Zubieta-DeUrioste N. 2021. Pneumolysis and “silent hypoxemia” in COVID-19. Ind J Clin Biochem. 36: 112–6.

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 69 - 76, 28.12.2022

Aysel Güven Ertugrul Allahverdi Tülay Allahverdi Meriç Çolak

https://doi.org/10.46239/ejbcs.1114089

Abstract

References

  • Banerjee D, Popoola J, Shah S, Ster IC, Quan V, Phanish M. 2020. COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant recipients. Kidney international. 97 (6):1076–1082
  • Brouqui P, Amrane S, Million M, Cortaredona S, Parola P, Lagier JC, Raoult D. 2021. Asymptomatic hypoxia in COVID-19 is associated with poor outcome. Int J Infect Dis. 102: 233-8.
  • Carsana L, Sonzogni A, Nasr A, Rossi RS, Pellegrinelli A, Zerbi P, et al. 2020. Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis. 20(10): 1135-40
  • Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, et al. 2020. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet. 395:514.
  • Drakesmith H, Prentice A. 2008. Viral infection and iron metabolism. Nat Rev Microbiol. 6(7):541-52. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1930.
  • Dreher, M., et al. 2020. The characteristics of 50 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without ARDS. Dtsch €Arztebl Int, 117: 271–278.
  • Goh KJ, Choong MCM, Cheong EHT, Kalimuddin S, Duu Wen S, Phua GC, et al. 2020. Rapid progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome: Review of current understanding of critical ıllness from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 49:108–18.
  • Guo W, Li M, Dong Y, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Tian C, et al. 2020. Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 3319.
  • Güven A, Kaya N. 2005. Determination of Reducte Glutathione(GSH), Glutathione S-Transferase(GST) and Selenium(Se) Levels in Goose Liver Cells with Damage Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) and Ethanol (C2H5OH). Turk. J Vet Anim Sci, 29: 1233-1238.
  • Inal S. 2016. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Enfeksiyonu: Ortadoğu Solunum Yetmezliği Sendromu-Koronavirüs Enfeksiyonu, Okmeydanı Tıp Dergisi. 32::37-45. doi:10.5222/otd.2016.037.
  • Kappert K, Jahić A, & Tauber R. 2020. Assessment of serum ferritin as a biomarker in COVID-19: bystander or participant? Insights by comparison with other infectious and non-infectious diseases, Biomarkers. 25:8, 616-625.DOI: 10.1080/1354750X.2020.1797880
  • Kurz T, Gustafsson B, Brunk UT. 2011. Cell sensitivity to oxidative stress is influenced by ferritin autophagy. Free radical biology & medicine. 50 (11):1647–1658.
  • Lan J. Ge J, Yu J, et al. 2020. Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Bound to the ACE2 Receptor. Nature. 581:1−6.
  • Liu Y, Gayle AA, Wilder-Smith A, Rocklöv J. 2020. The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus. Journal of Travel Medicine.13 27(2):1-9.
  • Lu R. 2020. Genomic characterization and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. The Lancet.
  • Mac-Lachlan NJ, Dubovi EJ. Coronaviridae. 2017. Chapter 24, Fenner’s Veterinary Virology. 5th ed., 435-461. Academic Press, London, UK., doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800946- 8.00024-6.
  • Mehta P, Colafrancesco S, Alessandri C, Conti F, Priori R. 2020. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 395 (10229):1033–1034. doi:10. 1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0.
  • Palmieri L, Agazio E, Andrianou X, Barbariol P, Bella A, Bellino S, et al. 2020. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Patients Dying in Italy Report Based on Available Data on December 9th, Available at: https://www.epicentro.iss.it/en/coronavirus/ bollettino/Report-COVID 2019. 2021; 1018.
  • Khot WY, Nadkar MY. 2020. The 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak. A global threat. J Assoc Physicians India. 68: 67–71.
  • Kuno T, Takahashi M, Obata R, Maeda T. 2020. Cardiovascular Comorbidities, Cardiac Injury, and Prognosis of COVID-19 in New York City. Am Heart J. 226:24-5.
  • Legido-Quigley H, Asgari N, Teo YY, et al. 2020. Are high-performing health systems resilient against the COVID-19 epidemic? Lancet. 395: 848–50.
  • Memikoğlu O, Genç V. 2021. Covid-19, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi, E Kitap, 23-42. Qi F, Qian S, Zhang S, Zhang Z. 2020. Single cell RNA sequencing of 13 human tissues identify cell types and receptors of human coronaviruses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. May 21; 526:135–140.
  • Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, Jiang L, Song J. 2020. Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Medicine. 46 (5):846–848.
  • Ruddell RG, et al. 2009. Ferritin functions as a proinflammatory cytokine via iron-independent protein kinase C zeta/nuclear factor kappaB-regulated signaling in rat hepatic stellate cells. Hepatology. 49(3):887–900.
  • Shoenfeld Y. 2020. Corona (COVID-19) time musings: our involvement in COVID-19 pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and vaccine planning. Autoimmunity reviews. 19 (6):102538.
  • Sun, Y., Wang L, Xie H, Li B, Chang C, Wang FS. 2020. Characteristics and prognostic factors of disease severity in patients with COVID-19: The Beijing experience. Journal of autoimmunity. 112,102473. Thell, EC. 2003. Ferritin:At the Crossrods of Iron and Oxygen Metabolism, The Journal of Nutrition, (133):5, 1549-1553. https://doi.org/10.1093
  • Thomas L, Thomas C. 2017. Detection of iron restriction in anaemic and non-anaemic patients: new diagnostic approaches. European Journal of Haematology. 99(3): 262–268.
  • Wang M, Lan M, Coffman G, Torti FM, Torit SV. 2010. Serum ferritin: past, present and future. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1800 (8);760–769.
  • Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. 2020. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020; 323. 1061–69.
  • Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C. 2020. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 8:420–2.
  • Yılmaz N, Eren E. 2020. Covid-19's passion for iron and fear of oxygen: Perhaps covid- 19 craves the atmospheric environment in ancient times. HDL and Oncology. 1-5
  • Zubieta-Calleja G, Zubieta-DeUrioste N. 2021. Pneumolysis and “silent hypoxemia” in COVID-19. Ind J Clin Biochem. 36: 112–6.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Aysel Güven

Ertugrul Allahverdi 0000-0001-5830-4662

Tülay Allahverdi 0000-0001-7723-7338

Meriç Çolak 0000-0002-0294-6874

Publication Date December 28, 2022
Acceptance Date June 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Güven, A., Allahverdi, E., Allahverdi, T., Çolak, M. (2022). Biochemical Laboratory Findings on COVID-19 Patients: Pathogen-Disease Relationship. Eurasian Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 5(2), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.46239/ejbcs.1114089
AMA Güven A, Allahverdi E, Allahverdi T, Çolak M. Biochemical Laboratory Findings on COVID-19 Patients: Pathogen-Disease Relationship. Eurasian J. Bio. Chem. Sci. December 2022;5(2):69-76. doi:10.46239/ejbcs.1114089
Chicago Güven, Aysel, Ertugrul Allahverdi, Tülay Allahverdi, and Meriç Çolak. “Biochemical Laboratory Findings on COVID-19 Patients: Pathogen-Disease Relationship”. Eurasian Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 5, no. 2 (December 2022): 69-76. https://doi.org/10.46239/ejbcs.1114089.
EndNote Güven A, Allahverdi E, Allahverdi T, Çolak M (December 1, 2022) Biochemical Laboratory Findings on COVID-19 Patients: Pathogen-Disease Relationship. Eurasian Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 5 2 69–76.
IEEE A. Güven, E. Allahverdi, T. Allahverdi, and M. Çolak, “Biochemical Laboratory Findings on COVID-19 Patients: Pathogen-Disease Relationship”, Eurasian J. Bio. Chem. Sci., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 69–76, 2022, doi: 10.46239/ejbcs.1114089.
ISNAD Güven, Aysel et al. “Biochemical Laboratory Findings on COVID-19 Patients: Pathogen-Disease Relationship”. Eurasian Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 5/2 (December 2022), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.46239/ejbcs.1114089.
JAMA Güven A, Allahverdi E, Allahverdi T, Çolak M. Biochemical Laboratory Findings on COVID-19 Patients: Pathogen-Disease Relationship. Eurasian J. Bio. Chem. Sci. 2022;5:69–76.
MLA Güven, Aysel et al. “Biochemical Laboratory Findings on COVID-19 Patients: Pathogen-Disease Relationship”. Eurasian Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, vol. 5, no. 2, 2022, pp. 69-76, doi:10.46239/ejbcs.1114089.
Vancouver Güven A, Allahverdi E, Allahverdi T, Çolak M. Biochemical Laboratory Findings on COVID-19 Patients: Pathogen-Disease Relationship. Eurasian J. Bio. Chem. Sci. 2022;5(2):69-76.
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